- 期刊
航空業2050淨零碳排的推手：永續航空燃料
The Driving Force of Aviation Industry's Net Zero Carbon Emissions in 2050 : Sustainable Aviation Fuel
摘要
2050全球碳中和要求漸漸逼近，各企業都要轉型。航空業目前在全球碳排放量的占比約為2%～3%，為達減碳目標，全球航空業正在加快腳步研發生質燃料的解決方法。然而與其他產業比較，由於過去航空業是少數不受減碳法規約束的產業，因此，目前航空業的減碳進展仍然大幅落後，加上各國對於氣候或環境變遷的法規日益嚴苛，航空業正面臨有史以來最嚴峻的挑戰。近年來航空公司持續採取措施以減少碳排放量，包括採用更省油的飛機並遵循更短的飛行路徑等，但與國際民用航空組織（ICAO）在2022年10月訂定的「全球航空業在2050年達到淨零碳排」的目標相較，這些措施可能只能將碳排放量減少至ICAO目標的20%到30%左右。製造商也在開發氫能飛機和電動飛機，但還未達到商業使用階段，因此，永續航空燃料（SAF）已經逐漸走入航空業，成為航空業達成淨零排放的解決方案。SAF的好處是技術相對成熟，也可以直接添加在現有的飛機引擎上，比傳統燃油減少約80%的碳排放量，但還需要大量增加產量。隨著政策支持變得全球化，SAF將具有與化石航空燃油競爭的能力，可靠的補償變得越來越少，預計2030年代將出現加速替代現象。航空業若在2050年達到淨零碳排，SAF可以貢獻大約65%的碳減排量，因此，SAF成為航空業2050淨零碳排的重要推手。本篇研究報告首先探討全球航空業發展狀況，其次分析航空業碳減排的主要措施與SAF的生產技術，最後，研析國際主要國家航空業使用SAF之發展方向，並綜整各國作法，以作為臺灣發展SAF的參考依據。
並列摘要
The requirement of global carbon neutrality in 2050 is gradually approaching, and all enterprises must transform. The aviation industry currently accounts for about 2% to 3% of global carbon emissions. In order to achieve the goal of carbon reduction, the global aviation industry is accelerating the pace of research and development of biofuel solutions. However, compared with other industries, because the aviation industry was one of the few industries not subject to carbon reduction regulations in the past, the current carbon reduction progress of the aviation industry is still lagging far behind. is facing the toughest challenge ever. In recent years, airlines have continued to take measures to reduce carbon emissions, including adopting more fuel-efficient aircraft and following shorter flight paths. Compared with the goal of reaching net zero carbon emissions by 2050, these measures may only reduce carbon emissions to about 20% to 30% of the ICAO target. Manufacturers are also developing hydrogen and electric aircraft, but they have not yet reached the stage of commercial use. Therefore, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has gradually entered the aviation industry as a solution for the aviation industry to achieve net zero emissions. The advantage of SAF is that the technology is relatively mature, and it can also be directly added to existing aircraft engines, which reduces carbon emissions by about 80% compared with traditional fuels, but still requires a large increase in production. As policy support becomes global, SAF will have the ability to compete with fossil jet fuel, reliable compensation becomes less and less, and an accelerated substitution phenomenon is expected in the 2030s. If the aviation industry reaches net-zero carbon emissions in 2050, SAF can contribute about 65% of the carbon emission reduction. Therefore, SAF has become an important driving force for the aviation industry to achieve net-zero carbon emissions in 2050. This research report first discusses the development status of the global aviation industry, and then analyzes the main measures to reduce carbon emissions in the aviation industry and the production technology of SAF. Finally, it studies and analyzes the development direction of SAF in the aviation industry of major international countries, and summarizes the practices of various countries as a reference for the development of SAF in Taiwan.