- 期刊
IMO 2027年開徵全球性海運碳費之綜析
A Comprehensive Analysis of IMO's Launch of Global Maritime Carbon Fee in 2027
摘要
主管全球航運事務的聯合國國際海事組織（IMO）計劃開徵全球性的海運碳費，將於2025年研訂相關徵收細節，使航運業率先其他各產業自2027年起徵收全球性的溫室氣體費用；惟各國對徵收金額和徵收方式意見不一，對海運業的影響目前仍難以判斷。其策略目標是要在2030年前減少海運排碳量30%，2040年前減排至少70%，2050年達成淨零碳排，但這項政策的成功程度取決於各國的制定內容。儘管航運業碳費上路的時間表相當明確，但實際運作方式以及對海運碳排的影響程度，仍有極高的不確定性。馬紹爾群島等國稍早提案，對每噸二氧化碳當量收取至少150美元，將使航商的每噸燃料成本增加數百美元；同時，歐盟、加拿大、中國等國也分別提出碳排定價的討論方案。針對海運業可能成為世界第一個被開徵全球性強制碳費的領域，本文首先探討全球造船產業發展的回顧與展望，說明全球海運業積極推進低碳／零碳船舶及相關產品發展的進程。接著，研析海運業逐步淘汰純化石燃料動力船，轉型朝向從LNG、甲醇到氫、氨等脫碳的多元「綠色燃料」。此外，數智化轉型也一直是推動全球海運產業發展的主要趨勢之一，顯示海運減碳轉型之路是條創新發展與艱辛歷程。最後研析海運業研擬自2027年開徵「碳費」以降低碳排，朝零碳排、數位化與智慧化轉型，持續致力於海運產業的永續經營。
並列摘要
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) of the United Nations, which is in charge of global shipping affairs, plans to levy a global maritime carbon fee and will work out relevant collection details in 2025, making the shipping industry the first to lead other industries in levying a global greenhouse gas fee from 2027; However, countries have different opinions on the amount and method of collection, and the impact on the shipping industry is still difficult to judge. Its strategic goal is to reduce maritime carbon emissions by 30% before 2030, reduce emissions by at least 70% before 2040, and achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. However, the success of this policy depends on the content formulated by each country. Although the timetable for the introduction of carbon fees in the shipping industry is quite clear, there is still a high degree of uncertainty about the actual operation and the extent of the impact on maritime carbon emissions. The Marshall Islands and other countries earlier proposed charging at least US$150 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, which would increase airline companies' fuel costs by hundreds of US dollars per ton. At the same time, the European Union, Canada, China and other countries have also proposed carbon emission pricing discussions. In view of the fact that the shipping industry may become the first field in the world to be levied a global mandatory carbon fee, this article first discusses the review and prospects of the development of the global shipbuilding industry, and explains the process of the global shipping industry actively promoting the development of low-carbon/zero-carbon ships and related products. Next, it analyzes the gradual phase-out of fossil fuel-powered ships in the shipping industry and its transformation towards decarbonized diversified "green fuels" ranging from LNG and methanol to hydrogen and ammonia. In addition, digital and intelligent transformation has always been one of the main trends promoting the development of the global shipping industry, showing that the road to carbon reduction transformation in shipping is a journey of innovative development and hardship. Finally, we analyze the maritime industry's plans to levy a "carbon fee" starting from 2027 to reduce carbon emissions, transform towards zero carbon emissions, digitalization and intelligence, and continue to be committed to the sustainable operation of the maritime industry.