The modern librarianship in Taiwan has been developed over one hundred and six years since the foundation of the ”Private Taiwan Library” in l901. The paper concentrates on the study of its two stages, namely, the Japanese-occupied period and the period of the retrocession of Taiwan with an account of its centenarian history of the main developments including the following achievements: the fundamental stipulations of the library system, the demonstration of the functions of the national library, the activation of the professional library organizations, the assistance from the American financial projects, the initiation and outgrowth of the library and information science education, the fulfillment of the cultural development projects of the central government and the development of the library automation and cooperation operations. All the above-mentioned facts are actually the concrete contributions to the society in Taiwan made by the library people here with their strenuous efforts during the long period of over one hundred years.