並列摘要
Since Dr. Ludwig Rehn completed the first successful human cardiac repair in 1895, cardiac trauma has become one of the most challenging injuries to treat. It requires immediate diagnosis, repair with excellent surgical skills, and thorough post-operative care. The clinical presentation of the two kinds of cardiac trauma, penetrating and blunt contusion injury, has a broad range, from hemodynamic stability to cardiopulmonary arrest. In spite of the fact that trauma to the heart is fatal in a significant percentage of cases and many patients are found dead at the scene, patients who arrive at the hospital with intact vital signs have a good chance of survival if well managed. The purpose of this review is to summarize current understanding concerning the natural history, initial evaluation, diagnosis and management of patients with cardiac trauma, including penetrating and blunt contusion injury.