奈德．特納（Nat Turner）與1831年南漢普頓郡黑奴動亂

Nat Turner and the Southampton Slave Revolt of 1831

盧令北(Ling-Pei Lu)

《輔仁歷史學報》 25期 (2010/07) Pp. 1-42

https://doi.org/10.29439/FJHJ.201007.0001

摘要

1831年發生於美國維吉尼亞州南漢普頓郡的「特納動亂」，是美國歷史上死傷最多、影響最深的一次黑奴集體抗爭行動。此次動亂的主事者為奈德．特納，幼時隨主人的兒子一起學習讀書寫字，及長開始鑽研宗教教義；特納對宗教的狂熱日增，讓他在黑奴團體中有所謂「先知」的稱號。根據特納所言，自1828年開始，接連親見數次「異象」，而在經歷連串的天啟神諭後，他聲稱上天賦予他重任去解放黑奴。特納與其追隨者於1831年8月22日凌晨正式行動，在謀害其農場主人崔佛斯一家後，隨即沿途劫掠，兩天之內，至少約55名白人遇害。南漢普頓郡的黑奴動亂迅速遭到鎮壓，特納也於該年11月遭到處決。特納所領導的南漢普頓黑奴暴動震驚南方社會，為防止類似情事再次發生，南方各州相繼通過更為嚴苛的奴隸法案，禁止黑奴學習書寫與閱讀、禁止擁有自由人身分的黑人遷徙、以及禁止所有黑人攜帶任何具有攻擊性的武器等，以加強對黑奴的控制與管理。

關鍵字

奈德．特納 ； 黑奴 ； 黑奴動亂 ； 黑奴暴動 ； 奴隸制度 ； 美國南方 ； 維吉尼亞州 ； 南漢普頓郡 ； 美國內戰

並列摘要

Slave discontent and rebelliousness were constant in the history of slavery in the United States. From the colonial period to the end of the 1850s, slave revolts or conspiracies were very common. During this period, slaves did whatever they could to earn their freedom or oppose to the system. Among these slave uprisings, Southampton slave revolt, or Nat Turner's rebellion, in 1831 was the most famous and biggest event. The purpose of the paper is trying to provide a primary view about this slave revolt. In addition to study the development of Nat Turner's rebellion, this paper will also focus on the history and pattern of slave revolts in the United States, the basic background of Nat Turner and Southampton County, Virginia, and the consequence of their revolt.

並列關鍵字

Nat Turner ； Slave Revolts ； Slave Rebellions ； Slave Insurrections ； Slavery ； Antebellum U.S. South ； Virginia ； Southampton County ； U.S. Civil War

參考文獻

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