- 期刊
Amnesty and Racial Solidarity: The Reconciliation of Athens at the End of the Fifth Century BC
血濃於水的大赦法－雅典人在西元前五世紀的政治和解
摘要
Who should govern? The city was divided by languages of meritocracy and miraculously reunited with a nationalistic myth in 403 BC. This paper makes plain the following points that have not received sufficient attention in scholarship. First, this reconciliation began not in 403 BC but in 405 BC when cooperation of all citizens was most needed for the survival of Athenian democracy. Second, at the heart of the reconciliation were concerns regarding both democracy and racial identity. Most previous studies focused only on one of the two aspects. Third, as a consequence of the nationalistic reconciliation, most slaves and foreigners who had fought and died for the democracy were denied their share of the Athenian nation.
並列摘要
誰應統治？這是雅典於西元前413年在西西里慘敗後，爭論不休的重大問題。當時雅典，因為賢能不肖的各種劃分，陷入內戰，但在八年後，又在國族神話的號召下，奇蹟似地重新團結。本文說明在這個政治和解的過程中，未受學者充分重視的三個發展。首先，政治和解的開始，不是一般以為的西元前403年，而是西元前405年，當時雅典民主陷於生死存亡的危機，亟需全體公民合作。其次，在整個和解的過程中，雅典人民同時兼顧民主政治與種族認同。過往研究多半只強調其中一個面向。最後，基於國族原則，大多數為雅典民主奮戰，甚至犧牲生命的奴隸與外國人，卻無緣參與這場政治和解，蛻變成雅典國族的子民。