民國以來明代戰車研究之回顧及前瞻

The Review and New Scope of Ming Battlewagon's Study Since 1911

周維強(Wei-Qiang Zhou)

《淡江史學》 22期 (2010/09) Pp. 79-105

https://doi.org/10.29712/THR.201009.0004

摘要

明代戰車是以車輛的承載力和防護力結合火器破壞力的有效武器，在明朝的軍事與國防上舉足輕重。然而，清代官修《明史•兵志》等史書修纂不善，竟賦予明代戰車負面的評價，後世史家因循的結果，致使史事凐沒。直自民國以來，政治禁錮解除，史家始發現清代官史之謬誤，重新考稽史料，鉤沈史事，重建明代戰車之活動概況及其重要性。本文的目的，即簡介與評析民國以來學者對明代戰車的研究取徑與成果；其次，本文嘗試從更堅實的史料出發，提供全新的文獻基礎與研究角度，還原明代戰車的歷史脈絡，及其在明代不容忽視的影響力。

關鍵字

戰車 ； 明史兵志 ； 火砲 ； 研究史 ； 明史學

並列摘要

Ming battlewagons are effective weapons which combine wagon's transportation and shelter abilities and firearms' destructive power. The Ming empire invented battlewagons' organization and tactics indefatigably, and deployed many battlewagons troops. However, due to the bad comments in Standard History of Ming which were edited in early Qing, the true face of battlewagons were vanished. Since 1911, the restrictions from politics has been relieved, many historians began to find the mistakes in Standard History of Ming, research for new sources and discover new affairs. This essay has three parts. Firstly, review the three stages in battlewagons' study, analysis their arguments and sources, and share the view from World History. Secondly, construct a new sources basis for new study. Finally, we conclude the achievements of previous researches and summary future challenges.

並列關鍵字

battlewagons ； Mingshi Bingzhi the Treatises on military affairs in the History of the Ming dynasty ； artillery ； review ； Ming studies

參考文獻

參見《太平御覽》，卷八二○，〈布帛七‧布〉引謝承《後漢書》，頁3779 下。

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中國人民革命軍事博物館所 編(2001)。中國戰爭發展史。北京:人民出版社。

威廉．麥克尼爾(1983)。對權力的追求：自第一個千紀後的技術、武裝部隊和社會。Chicago:University of Chicago Press。