台灣職業性重金屬中毒之文獻回顧

Occupational Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium and Chromium Poisoning in Taiwan

劉紹興(Saou-Hsing Liou) ； 楊燦(Tsann Young) ； 林春蓮(Chuan-Lien Lin) ； 顧天倫(Tien-Lun Ku) ； 祝年豐(Nain-Feng Chu)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 1卷4期 (1994/10) Pp. 175-181

摘要

在職業醫學領域中，職業性鉛中毒的案例較多也較被人重視。除了鉛中毒外，台灣過去亦曾發現職業性汞中毒和鉻中毒。汞中毒是發生在日光燈管回收的家庭工廠，工廠的老闆出現嚴重的神經和口腔症狀，他的太太則有輕度中毒症狀。鉻中毒則發生於硬鉻電鍍工廠工人造成鼻穿孔和黏膜潰瘍症狀。除此之外，中藥造成的汞中毒亦有數例病例報告，是職業性汞中毒鑑別診斷時該注意的來源之一。職業性砷中毒和鎘中毒雖然尚無病例報告，生物監測已有發現數位血砷和尿砷濃度超過中毒界限的工人，但缺乏理學檢查的證據。環境鎘中毒的一個個案則發現於鎘污染區的居民，出現腎臟和神經等中毒症狀。除了上述四種重金屬外，其他的重金屬則尚無被發現有職業性或環境性中毒案例。

關鍵字

重金屬中毒 ； 生物偵測 ； 汞 ； 鎘 ； 鉻 ； 砷

並列摘要

In addition to occupational lead poisoning, there were other cases of occupational heavy metal poisoning documented in Taiwan. Occupational mercury poisoning occurred in a lampsocket reclamation worker. Severe neurological symtoms including tremor, ataxia, eretism, and stomatitis developed two years before confirmation. Mercury poisoning was confirmed by increased blood and urine mercury concentrations. Several cases of mercury poisoning were also found in patients treated by inhalation or ingestion of mercury containing herbal drugs. Occupational chromium poisonings manifested with nasal septal perforation and mucosal ulcer were found in chromium electroplating workers. No case of occupational cadmium or arsenic poisoning was documented in Taiwan. However, a case of cadmium poisoning manifested with nephrological and neurological symptoms was found in a resident of a cadmium contamination area. Biological monitoring of arsenic-exposed workers also showed that urine arsenic concentrations of seven workers exceeded the poisoning level. Questioning about patient’s occupational history will discover occupation-related poisoning.

並列關鍵字

Heavy metal poisoning ； mercury ； cadmium ； chromium ； arsenic.