The decompression sickness was the most popular occupational diseases in Taiwan .There are many fishermen in Taiwan been engaged in the work of the underwater fishing, plus the tourist industry developed, to engage in recreational scuba diving year, but the relevant study is still very poor settings. There are many different domestic job properties exception decompression ethnic group, including diving workers, in-depth underground work in person, such as Subway excavation, sewer construction workers. The increasing popularity of scuba diving and the growth of commercial diving have increased the frequency of deep-pressure injuries. This article focuses on decompression associated with the sudden decrease in pressures during underwater ascent, usually occurring during free or assisted dives, and many studies about decompression sickness have been released, hoping this article let everyone learn more knowledge of the diving decompression sickness, understanding the causes of decompression sickness, diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures to reduce unnecessary damage.