- 期刊
電弧故障斷路器應用於國內電氣線路與設備之有效性測試
Investigation and Test of Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter Applied to Electric Power Circuits and Devices in Taiwan
摘要
為維護用電安全，現在工廠與居家之低壓配電線路中都裝設過電流及過載保護裝置，於短路及過載時切離電源。有些特定支路還必須安裝漏電斷路器，避免人員感電。當這些保護裝置正確使用時，似乎不需要其它的保護裝置。然而，根據國外調查指出，有些住宅火災發生原因，懷疑是因為低壓配電線路中電弧故障所引起。電弧故障斷路器（Arc-Fault CircuitInterrupter-AFCI）能偵測線路中電弧故障，它透過對電弧特性判別來偵測串聯及並聯電弧，在電弧的熱能引起火災前儘早切離電源。為探討電弧故障斷路器在台灣工廠與居家低壓配線系統的適用性，本文設計詳細實驗，測試電弧故障斷路器的動作性能。實驗方法為考慮線路特性及負載特性，以人為方式產生串聯及並聯電弧故障，測試四種電弧故障斷路器。在全部1320次電弧故障測試中，電弧故障斷路器跳脫比例為61.67％，超過5成。在一些特定負載在正常操作下會自然產生電弧的500次測試中，引發電弧故障斷路器誤動作比例只有0.4％。考量成功跳脫比例與誤動作比例，電弧故障斷路器應能適用於台灣低壓配線系統。在實驗過程中也探討及描述電弧斷路器動作原理，可提供國內各廠商研究及開發電弧故障斷路器之參考資料。
並列摘要
Usually the low voltage distribution circuits in the industry plants and houses in Taiwan should have been installed the over-current and over-load circuit breakers to switch off electrical power during the conditions of fault or over loading. The earth leakage breakers should be installed in some special circuits to protect people from electric shock. If these protection devices have been applied properly, it seems that no other protection devices are required. However, many oversea examples reveal the fact that a number of home fires are caused by electric arc faults. The arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) is a device which can detect the occurring of electric arc in the low voltage circuits. It should switch off the power source before the occurring of fires caused by series or parallel electric arc faults. In order to investigate the feasible application of AFCI in the low voltage distribution circuits of the industry plants and houses in Taiwan, detailed experiments are used in this paper is to examine the action performance of AFCI. In the experiment procedures, the line conditions and load characteristics are considered. Then artificial series arc and parallel arc faults are used to test four types of AFCI. Among the 1320 arc fault tests, the percentage of successful action of AFCI is 61.67%, which is larger than 50%. In the 500 tests of natural arcing in the normal operation of some loads, the percentage of malfunction of AFCI is only 0.4%. So considering the successful action percentage and malfunction percentage, AFCI is suitable to be used in the low voltage distribution circuits in Taiwan. The action characteristics of AFCI found in the experiment procedures is a good reference for the development of AFCI.