亞洲沙塵暴對室外作業勞工之粉塵暴露特性與健康風險調查

近年由於東亞沙塵暴發生之頻率、規模及強度均有上升趨勢，我國受到影響次數亦有增加情形，且研究指出亞洲沙塵暴侵襲期間懸浮微粒濃度是非侵襲期間之3~5倍。參考相關文獻顯示，沙塵暴侵襲台灣期間之懸浮微粒粒徑分布呈現雙峰分布，其分別為0.56~1.0 μm與3.2~5.6 μm。本研究於機坪作業環境採樣之粉塵濃度粒徑分佈屬三峰分布，分別為0.032~0.056 μm、0.32~0.56 μm與3.2~5.6 μm，但地面道路溝渠箱涵工程作業環境粉塵濃度之粒徑分佈屬雙峰分布，分別為0.56~1.0 μm與3.2~5.6 μm，其平時作業環境粉塵背景濃度粒徑分布與過去沙塵暴侵襲台灣之粒徑分布相似。此外，目前我國行政院環境保護署及勞工委員會並未訂定沙塵暴侵襲台灣期間PM_(10)之暴露危害濃度或預防方法指標。因此，本研究以2010年之北部地區沙塵暴濃度為例進行推估，沙塵暴侵襲台灣之室外作業場所勞工可能導致呼吸性系統疾病與心血管循環系統之歸因分率增加率分別為2.13%~4.70%及5.78%~12.19%。

關鍵字

沙塵暴；勞工；暴露危害

並列摘要

Recently, there is a marked increase in the frequency and tendency of occurrence of dust storms. The PM_(10) concentrations during Asia dust storm periods were 3~5 times higher than that during non-Asia dust storm periods. Related references indicated that particle-size distributions in the particulate phase show a bi-mode, peaking at 0.56~1.0 μm and 3.2~5.6 μm during Asia dust storm periods. Mass size distributions in the workplaces of airport were tri-modal, peaked at size range of 0.032~0.056μm, 0.32~0.56 μm and 3.2~5.6 μm, respectively. The particle-size distributions in pipe laying works of workplace show that bi-mode of are similar to those during continental dust storm periods. Furthermore, the Environmental Protection Administration and Council of Labor Affairs did not make benchmark levels of PM_(10) and precautionary methods which related with exposure hazards of Asia dust storm in Taiwan. The case study in northern Taiwan reported that dust Storm increase the corresponding attributable fraction of respiratory diseases (ICD-9 460-519) and circulatory (International Classification of Disease 9th revision (ICD-9) 390-459) are 2.13%~ 4.70% and 5.78%~12.19%, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Dust storm ； Workers ； Exposure hazards

參考文獻

行政院環境保護署(2009)。空氣品質監測報告年報。

Google Scholar

Ma, CJ,Kasahara, M,Höller, R,Kamiya, T.(2001).Characteristics of single particles sampled in Japan during the Asian dust storm period.Atmospheric Environment.35,2707-14.

Google Scholar

Chen, SJ,Hsieh, LT,Kao, MJ,Lin, WY,Huang, KL,Lin, CC.(2004).Characteristics of particles sampled in southern Taiwan during the Asian dust storm periods in 2000 and 2001.Atmospheric Environment.38,5925-34.

Google Scholar

Yuan, CS,Sau, CC,Chen, MC.(2004).Influence of Asian dusts on the physicochemical properties of atmospheric aerosols in Taiwan district-using the penghu islands as an example.China Particuology.2,144-52.