道教的「受生填還」儀式：以四川《廣成儀制》為中心的考察

道教「受生填還」的概念早在唐宋時便已形成，主要是認為人為托生所欠下的負欠，當在生時章醮償還，如此可得享現世與來世種種福祐。本文介紹二經要義後，選擇清時成立於四川的《廣成儀制》科儀傳統為主要討論對象，是考量到其節次構成端整宏大，保留有較完整的科書與文檢，法事實踐亦傳續良好，堪視為近代受生填還規模之最。此外，漢人社會中歷來多有此科，做法繁簡不一，迭經發衍出眾多形貌。雖然多數遵循道經為生者償付，然而亦有少數是放進新亡的喪禮之中，如臺灣向來便是如此。還受生科儀也積極融入現代社會，強調影響現世運途和財庫的面向，近幾年頗為成功地又喚起信眾的重視。

關鍵字

道教；儀式；受生填還；還受生錢；廣成儀制

並列摘要

The idea of Taoist ritual ＂pay-back＂ (shousheng tianhuan 受生填還) appeared very early since the Tang and Song dynasties. The main concept is about people who have promised some recompense before the birth. Thus, they should pay off this sum thoroughly in this life; therefore they would be blessed with good fortune. And most important, once this person passes away, s/he can get a reincarnation as human again immediately without having to undergo judgment in Hell. In this work, I explain the theological concept form Taoist Canon first. And I describe a grand ritual tradition of my fieldwork of Guangcheng Yizhi tradition in Sichuan, for their complete rundown of ritual, and the richness in ritual texts and documents (wenjian). Beyond Sichuan, it of course has various forms in the Han people societies. Most of them take place for living people though few cases for person who just died. Nowadays, pay-back ritual developed a new path for people who care about their luck and fortune this life. It makes a new vision for this old ritual.