現存安龍謝土儀式資料中所見的普庵信仰探索：以「化九良」為考察線索

An Exploration of Pu'an Beliefs in the Extant Anlong Xietu (Retaining the Dragons and Thanking Earth) Rituals: A Clue Seen in "Converting Jiuliang"

伍小劼(Wu Xiaojie) ； 劉芸(Liu Yun)

《民俗曲藝》 222期 (2023/12) Pp. 63-95

摘要

中國社會的安龍謝土儀式中，不少有普庵信仰的內容。我們收集的數十冊安龍謝土儀式科儀文本中，有多處包括了誦《釋談章》、貼「普庵符」、念《普庵經》等普庵信仰的內容，如此可以退煞降福。尤其是科儀本中提及了普庵進入安龍謝土儀式的原因「化九良」，這一內容與《普庵祖師靈驗記》「降九良星異」記載相符，說明普庵「降九良」是「化九良」的原型，此點少為學者注意。發掘這一內容不僅可以明確普庵信仰的內容，同時也使我們更嚴肅地思考《普庵祖師靈驗記》與普庵信仰內容的關係。

關鍵字

安龍謝土 ； 普庵 ； 化九良 ； 《普庵祖師靈驗記》

並列摘要

Many anlong xietu (retaining the dragons and thanking earth) rituals in Chinese society contain elements of Pu'an beliefs. In the dozens of anlong xietu ritual scriptures that we have collected, there are many references to Pu'an beliefs, such as chanting the Shitan zhang (Pu'an Mantra), posting the "Pu'an talisman," and chanting the Pu'an Scripture, which can be used to subdue evil spirits and acquire blessings. In particular, these ritual texts mention that the reason for Pu'an beliefs' inclusion in anlong xietu rituals is to "convert Jiuliang", which is consistent with the record of "Subduing Jiuliang Star Deities" in the Legend of Ancestral Master Pu'an. The story of subduing Jiuliang is the prototype of "converting Jiuliang," a fact that scholars have largely overlooked. This discovery not only clarifies Pu'an beliefs but can also prompt us to think about the relationship between the Legend of Ancestral Master Pu'an and the content of Pu'an beliefs.

並列關鍵字

anlong xietu (retaining the dragons and thanking earth) ； Ancestral Master Pu'an ； converting Jiuliang ； Legend of Ancestral Master Pu'an

參考文獻

《九天上聖秘傳金符經》。[約 1271–1644] 1988。不著撰人。收於《道藏》第 32 冊。據《正統道藏》本影印。北京：文物出版社；上海：上海書店；天津：天津古籍出版社。

《三峰藏和尚語錄》。[不晚於 1672] 1987。漢月法藏著、繼起弘儲（1605–1672）編。《嘉興藏》第 34 冊。臺北：新文豐出版社。

《天如惟則禪師語錄》。[不晚於 1354] 1987。善遇編。《卍新續藏》第70 冊。藏經書院編。臺北：新文豐出版社。

《太上三洞神咒》。[1386–1644] 1988。不著撰人。收於《道藏》第 2冊。據《正統道藏》本影印。北京：文物出版社；上海：上海書店；天津：天津古籍出版社。

《四川普庵土經》（擬）。約十四世紀至二十世紀中葉。不著撰人。侯沖藏本。