領袖名與紀念政治：馬來西亞東姑阿都拉曼之個案研究

本文的研究目的以東姑為中心，選取其紀念名稱作為觀察的指標，探究不同首相時期在公共空間中對於東姑的尊崇與紀念情形，並分析其命名紀念意涵的轉變。筆者所持的觀點為，東姑紀念名稱中所帶有的「符號」特質在不同的政治氛圍下被賦予了不同的意涵，對於東姑的紀念與論述可顯示當權者所欲表彰的政治主張與態度，亦顯示了巫統黨內不同政治想法間的權力協和或爭鬥。文中根據東姑的生平，將以東姑為名所進行的紀念政治區分為：1954－1969年地位塑造與國家認同鏈結、1970－1975年後五一三初期弱化的延續記念、1976－1990年零星紀念與競爭的符號，以及1990年底以後的地位恢復與挪用政治等四個發展階段進行分析。以東姑為名所產生的紀念政治轉折，恰好可提供我們一個重要個案，一窺這個領導國家獨立進入後殖民的領袖，在不同的政治階段中其角色是如何發展與產生變化。

關鍵字

東姑阿都拉曼；馬來西亞國父；領袖；紀念政治

並列摘要

This study takes Tunku Abdul Rahman as a case study by examining his name used as public commemorations in public spaces under different political leaders and to analyze the change of connotation within his name. The author believes that the symbol of Tunku is given various significance and connotation under different political circumstances. Moreover, the commemoration and remarks of Tunku could reveal the politics and attitude of the authority. On the other hand, the balance and conflict among contradictory powers within the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) could also be discovered.According to Tunku's life, the author tries to analyze the political connotation of his name through the following four periods of time: 1) 1954-1969, the construction of Tunku's position and the linkage of national identity; 2) 1970-1975, the weakened and continued commemoration after 13 May Incident; 3) 1976-1990, the scattered commemoration and contesting symbols of the Tunku; 4) the end of 1990 and after, the recovery of Tunku's position and politics of appropriation. The change of the connotation of Tunku fairly matches the turning points, so we could take a look at how the role of this political leader who led the country into post-colonization changes and develops within different political phases in Malaysia.