家用電冰箱：女性家務網絡的微領域政治

本研究以家庭電冰箱的使用為媒介，通過女性家務勞動來探討家庭性別關係。冰箱不僅是科技產品，還是性別操演的介面。自家用冰箱問世以來，廣告宣傳便以家庭主婦為預設使用者，呈現女性藉由冰箱的便利儲藏功能，操持出豐裕的幸福家庭情景；但實際使用遠比亮麗廣告形象多樣而複雜。冰箱整合入家務勞動，是採買、烹煮與善後之食物流動中的時空緩衝器，也是組織家庭餐飲勞動節奏的樞紐。餐飲家務的承擔者，便是冰箱使用規範的主導者和評斷者，也常因為不願意他人介入冰箱管理，將冰箱予以黑箱化或領域化。冰箱的門面則常成為主婦主導使用的備忘錄和展示場。總之，冰箱是家務勞動網絡的樞紐，是通過管理和使用來展現合宜照顧角色的女性家務操演介面，呈現了家庭中的微領域政治。

關鍵字

冰箱；性別操演；家庭關係；家務；食物

並列摘要

This research explores gender relationship in a family, particularly the gendered division of labor in housework, through the use of refrigerators. Refrigerators are both a technological invention and an arena wherein gender roles are performed. Since the advent of refrigerator, advertisements have assumed housewives to be its primary users. These advertisements show images wherein women maintain an affluent family life through the use of the convenient storage function of the refrigerator. However, utilization of a refrigerator is much more complicated than that depicted in advertisements. Refrigerator use integrates different kinds of housework and acts as a buffer during sequences of procedures such as purchasing, cooking, and storage of food. A refrigerator is also a pivot organizing the spatial-temporal rhythms of eating and drinking in a family. The person in charge of preparing meals then becomes the dominator and assessor regulating refrigerator utilization and often conceals or territorializes its contents to prevent intervention by others in its management. Moreover, the outer surface of a refrigerator often becomes a place of exhibition dominated by the housewife. In summary, a refrigerator is the pivot for housework. Via its management and utilization, the role of properly catering to others is displayed by means of the refrigerator's role as an interface of gender performativity and as a field of the micropolitics of territory in a family.