登山活動對運動傷害、身體組成與大腿肌肉形態功能之探討

Exploring the Possible Effects of Mountaineering Activities on Sports Injuries, Body Composition and Thigh Muscle Function

方怡婷(Yi-Ting Fang) ； 周正亮(Chen-Liang Chou) ； 陳怡蓁(Yi-Cheng Chen) ； 邱宏仁(Hong-Jen Chiou) ； 陳俊忠(Jin-Jong Chen) ； 李雪楨(Hsuci-Chen Lee) ； 施怡芬(Yi-Fen Shih)

《台灣復健醫學雜誌》 41卷4期 (2013/12) Pp. 215-223

https://doi.org/10.6315/2013.41(4)02

摘要

登山活動已成為一種普遍的運動，但目前國內相關研究多為登山之生理性反應，肌肉骨骼系統的研究十分有限，且台灣的登山環境迥異於國外，國外的登山研究結果並不完全適合台灣模式；因此，慢性運動傷害以及對身體理學表現的影響都尚待研究。本研究目的為比較不同年齡與有無登山健行運動習慣者，在運動傷害、身體組成與大腿肌肉形態功能之差異，探討登山健行運動對人體可能之影響。受試者皆為男性（84名），41位登山習慣受試者分為高山組（55.6 ± 4.3歲）和郊山組（高度在1500公尺以下）（57.2 ± 3.4歲），22位年齡配對的無規律運動者（56.8 ± 3.9歲），和21位年輕受試者（24.1 ± 2.0歲）。受試者簽署同意書後，首先填寫三份問卷，包含台灣中高齡登山健行族群運動傷害調查問卷、西安大略及麥可麥司特大學WOMAC關節炎量表（Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index）、IPAQ台灣活動量調查短版問卷；然後是身體理學檢查，包括身體組成量測、膝屈曲肌和膝伸直肌的最大等長收縮力。結果發現肌力部分主要呈現高山組表現最佳而無規律運動者最差，其中右膝屈肌肌力有顯著差異。對維持長期登山健行習慣的登山族群來說，在大腿肌力呈現減緩老化造成的數值下降，登山習慣者展現傾向年輕組的趨勢，且高山組勝於郊山組，而無規律運動組有最差的表現。因此，對於尚未出現退化性膝關節炎症狀的健康中高齡男性，登山健行是一項可以鼓勵參與的運動項目。

關鍵字

登山（mountaineering） ； 膝蓋（knee） ； 肌肉骨骼系統（musculoskeletal system）

並列摘要

Background: Mountaineering and hiking have become popular activities recently, but related research in Taiwan has focused mainly on physiological reactions, much more than on the musculoskeletal system. However, the results of studies from abroad cannot be directly transferred because of the unique mountain and forest environment in Taiwan. In addition, chronic mountaineering injuries and derivative benefits in terms of specific physical performances still await further study. Therefore, it is important to investigate the possible relationship between mountaineering activities and musculoskeletal or knee function changes. Purpose: This study seeks to compare the differences in sports injuries, body composition and thigh muscle function in different age groups and different mountaineering experiences to explore the possible effects of mountaineering activities. Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory design was used. Eighty-four healthy males were recruited, including 41 males with regular mountaineering activities who were divided into a high-mountain group (HM) (55.6 ± 4.3 y/o) and a low-mountain group (LM) (57.2 ± 3.4 y/o), 22 age-matched men without regular exercise activities who were allotted to a no exercise group (NE) (56.8 ± 3.9 y/o), and 21 young men who were placed in a young group (YM) (24.1 ± 2.0 y/o). After signing a consent form, the participants filled out three questionnaires, a self-designed sports-related injury questionnaire, the WOMAC index and the IPAQ short version, and then underwent physical examination of body composition and knee flexors and extensors strength tests. One-way ANOVA was used to assess the continuous data of the four groups. Statistical significance was set at P ＜ 0.05. Results: The HM group had the best knee strength, and the NE group the weakest performance. Knee strength was significantly greater in the right knee flexors. Conclusion: No obvious knee injury was found in the mountaineering groups and a tendency of a decreasing aging rate was observed in knee strength. Therefore, mountaineering and hiking can probably be a recommended sport for middle-old aged men with no existing knee cartilage dysfunction.