從興寧“鴛塘話”探析客家話的秘密語

Exploring Xingning's Yuantang subdialect, a secret variety of the Hakka dialect

鄧盛有(sheng-yu Teng)

《聯大學報》 16卷2期 (2019/12) Pp. 93-105

摘要

廣東省興寧市是純客住縣，在興寧市龍田鎮的苑塘村中（明清時期稱為冷井堡），流行著一種秘密客家話－鴛塘話，此種秘密客家話是清朝末期在羅姓各房宗族內自創並且流傳使用，主要功用是為了傳達商業、軍事或其他秘密活動消息而產生，目前羅姓宗族內還會說鴛塘話者已寥寥無幾，而宗族後代對外人具有輕蔑性的誤解十分在意。本論文為筆者親身對鴛塘話進行田野調查訪問的結果，希望透過鴛塘話的研究能了解下列幾個問題：1.鴛塘話是一種有規律的反切秘密語，其聲韻結構規律及運用方式情形為何？2.鴛塘話和梅州地區的“下市話”、“江湖話”等的秘密語有何異同情形？3.客家話的秘密語的形成背景與發展情況，其中所反映出來的特殊語言文化的情形如何？

關鍵字

鴛塘話 ； 客家話 ； 秘密語 ； 語言文化

並列摘要

Xingning is a county-level city in Guangdong Province with a fully Hakka population. In Yuantang Village, which is located in Xingning's Longtian Town, the residents speak a secret variety of the Hakka dialect called Yuantang. This secret subdialect is believed to have been invented by the Luo clan in the late Qing period, with the primary purpose of communicating business, military, and other types of secret information. Thereby creating a mysterious and incomprehensible language that some have misidentified as an argot or the snake language (i.e. Shehua: a language spoken by the She people). Today, only a handful of Luo clan members can still speak the Yuantang dialect, and they are deeply concerned about the pejorative misconceptions that outsiders have about the Yuantang dialect.This thesis reports the findings obtained from a field survey conducted by the author, with the aim of addressing the following questions regarding the Yuantang dialect: 1.Is Yuantang a fanqie-based secret language that follows specific rules? How is its phonological structure organized and applied? 2.What are the similarities and differences between Yuantang and other secret languages such as Meizhou's Xiashi and Jianghu dialects? 3.Why and how did these secret Hakka dialects develop? What are the special linguistic cultures reflected in their development?

並列關鍵字

Yuantang dialect ； Hakka dialect ； secret language ； linguistic culture

參考文獻

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