從總要素生產率看臺灣企業現狀

基於《臺灣經濟新報》數據庫，以LP法測算2008～2019年臺灣企業的總要素生產率（TFP），並進行衍伸分析，得到的結論如下：（1）整體TFP值呈現持續下降的趨勢，2014年後的降幅明顯增加；（2）食品、塑膠、電機機械、鋼鐵、橡膠及電子工業的TFP均值明顯下降，其中電子和鋼鐵業的後期降幅加劇。（3）TFP值與企業的獲利數據無明顯的相關性。（4）出口企業較內銷企業的TFP值低，但對外直接投資企業較未投資企業的TFP值高，投資次數多的企業TFP值更高。（5）整體要素配置效率降低，服務、汽車、化學生技、電子及造紙業的效率最低；出口企業的效率明顯高於非出口企業，而對外直接投資與未投資企業的差異是高低互見。研究結果建議管理當局關注TFP均值下降的趨勢和降幅加劇的產業，同時注意低生產率出口企業的外部性，特別是在要素配置效率較低的產業。

關鍵字

總要素生產率； LP法；臺灣企業

並列摘要

Based on the database of Taiwan Economics Journal, the total factor productivity of Taiwan enterprises from 2008 to 2019 is measured by LP method, and the extension analysis is carried out. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the overall TFP value shows a continuous downward trend, with a significant increase after 2014. (2)The average TFP of food, plastics, electrical machinery, steel, rubber and electronic industries decreased significantly, and the decline of electronics and steel industry intensified in the later stage.(3)There is no obvious correlation between TFP value and enterprise profit data.(4)The TFP value of export enterprises is lower than that of domestic enterprises, but the TFP value of outward foreign direct investment enterprises is higher than that of non-investment enterprises, In addition, the TFP value of enterprises with more investment times is higher. (5) The overall factor allocation efficiency is reduced, and the efficiency of service, automobile, chemical technology, electronics and paper industry is the lowest. The efficiency of export enterprises is significantly higher than that of non-export enterprises, and outward foreign direct investment and uninvested enterprises have their own advantages and disadvantages. The research results suggest that the management authorities should pay attention to the downward trend of TFP mean value and industries with intensified decline of TFP mean value. At the same time, it should pay attention to the externality of low productivity export enterprises, especially in the industries with low factor allocation efficiency.