- 期刊
- OpenAccess
Weathering of Limestone, Marble, and Calcium Phosphate by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Associated Microorganisms
外生菌根菌及其相關聯微生物風化石灰岩，大理石及磷酸鈣
摘要
本試驗利用洋菜固體平板法測定外生菌根菌株及與外生菌根菌相關聯的微生物包括細菌與真菌之風化溶岩能力。供測定的岩石有石灰岩、大理石及磷酸鈣。將測定之微生物培養於添加上述岩石粉末之培養基，如其菌落周圍形成透明圈表示該微生物具有溶岩能力。使用液體培養法測定可溶性鈣離子濃度以瞭解微生物之溶岩量。供試之外生菌根菌大多分離自花旗松與歐洲赤松的菌根或生長自菌根的子實體。大多數供試之相關聯微生物則分離自菌根菌之子實體，花旗松菌根或赤楊根瘤表面。下列供測定微生物具有風化分解石灰岩、大理石及磷酸鈣：Rhizopogon vinicolor, Suillus bovines, Hysterangium setchelli,及分離自R. vinicolor子實體之Penicillium sp.和酵母菌；同時，分離自R. vinicolor和花旗松菌根之4株螢光性細菌pseudomonads及3株Azospirillum細菌也具有溶岩之能力。液體培養法顯示，以螢光性細菌pseudomonads之菌株具有較強的溶岩能力。本文同時討論微生物在根圈生態系統中溶岩作用對養分循環可能的角色。
並列摘要
Ectomycorrhizal fungi and their associated microorganisms were tested for their ability to weather Limestone, marble, and calcium phosphate using a plate method. Degradation of these rock materials led to production of clear zones around the microbial colonies. A displacement method also was used to test selected microorganisms for their capacity to release calcium from the insoluble rock materials. Most of the fungi tested were ectomycorrhizal and associated with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) or Scots pine (Pinus. sylvestris). Most of the associated microorganisms tested were isolated from the mycorrhizal sporocarps, Douglas-fir ectomycorrhizas, or red alder (Alnus rubra) nodule surfaces. Rhizopogon vinicolor, Suillus bovinus, Hysterangium setchellii, a Rhizopogon-associated Penicillium sp. and a yeast were able to degrade limestone, marble, and calcium phosphate, as were 4 fluorescent pseudomonads and 3 Azospirillum isolates associated with R vinicolor and Douglas-fir ectomycorrhizas. As a result of the rock solubilization, the pseudomonads released significantly more calcium than did other microorganisms. A possible role of a microbially mediated weathering process in nutrient cycling in rhizosphere ecosystems is discussed.