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層積處理對杜英和繁花薯豆種子休眠和發芽之影響
Eeffects of Stratification on the Dormancy and Germination of Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Elaeocarpus multiflorus Seeds
摘要
杜英和繁花薯豆的新鮮種子通常發芽困難。本文旨在探討克服這兩樹種種子休眠和促進發芽的方法。採自中部霧社的杜英種子，經6個月各種變溫處理，其平均發芽率最高只有6.3%，中部谷關的種子，經12個月的變溫處理，其平均發芽率低於11%，比較下，採自南部壽卡的杜英種子，在35/10℃變溫下，6個月後的平均發芽率可達到55.3%。杜英種子具有未成熟胚和生理的休眠，需要暖溫和低溫層積組合處理打破休眠，促進發芽。種子休眠的程度和層積處理的需要因採集地點不同而有差異。採自中部霧社的種子，經6個月的暖溫和3個月的低溫，其發芽率從低於10%提高至66.4%，而來自南部壽卡的種子，4個月暖溫和3個月低溫，其發芽率最高可達到90%。南部杜英種子表現較低休眠性，可能與此樹種位於低海拔和較暖的氣候有關。採自臺灣最南端的繁花薯豆種子，在30/20℃變溫下8星期，發芽率只有5%，12星期後可達到45%，剩餘未發芽的種子為空粒或已敗壞。本樹種種子需要較長的發芽時間，在5℃和12℃層積下，其結果對種子發芽作用沒有多大助益，似乎顯示其種子沒有休眠的現象。有關種子發芽緩遲原因的進一步研究是有其必要的。
並列摘要
Fresh seeds of Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Elaeocarpus multiflorus usually germinate poorly. This paper describes and discusses the methods to overcome dormancy and enhance germination of these 2 species. The E. sylvestris seeds collected from Wushe, central Taiwan had the highest average germination of 6.3% after 6 mo incubation at various alternating temperatures, whereas seeds collected from Kukuan, central Taiwan had a germination of below 11% after 12 mo incubation. In contrast, seeds collected from southern Taiwan showed 55.3% germination after 6 mo incubation at alternating temperatures of 35/10℃. The seeds appeared to possess both morphological and physiological dormancy, and required a combination of warm and cold stratification to break the dormancy and promote seed germination. The degree of seed dormancy and the stratification requirements varied with provenance. The seeds from central Taiwan improved their germination from below 10% to 66.4% following 6 mo of warm and 3 mo of cold stratification, while seeds from southern Taiwan attained a 90% germination after 4 mo of warm and 3 mo of cold stratification. The results seem to suggest that E. sylvestris seeds from the southern provenance exhibit a lesser degree of dormancy possibly due to a warmer climate and lower elevation. Fresh seeds of E. multiflorus collected from the Hengchun Botanical Garden at the southern tip of Taiwan only germinated with 5% at alternating temperatures of 30/20℃ for 8 wk and reached 45% after 12 wk. All ungerminated seeds were found to be empty or dead by cutting test at the end of 12 wk. The seeds of this species required a prolonged germination period but did not seem to have dormancy. With prolonged stratification at 5℃ or 12℃, the stratification did not have any beneficial effect on germination. Further research is required to determine the cause of delayed germination of this species.