The Development, Systems, and Evaluation of Forest Fire Danger Rating: A Review

林火危險分級研究之回顧

林朝欽(Chau-Chin Lin)

《台灣林業科學》 15卷4期 (2000/12) Pp. 507-520

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200012.0507

摘要

本文就全球林火危險分級之研究文獻加以回顧與評論。首先就林火危險之不同來源相關論述加以回顧；其次就有關林火危險分級之相關歷史文獻、研究方法及數學模式等加以評述；再就各國現行之林火危險分級系統加以比較；最後就各使用中之林火危險分級系統之效果研究加以分析。由上述四方面之文獻回顧顯示林火危險分級研究乃伊始於1930年代之北美地區。此項研究綜合生物、氣象、物理及人類行為等學科，並運用統計、生物物理、社會調查及地理資訊系統等研究方法進行。歷經數十年之努力已建立許多理論模式，作為林火危險分級系統之發展依據及林火管理的主要指針。

關鍵字

林火危險 ； 火險分級系統 ； 人爲性火險 ； 自然性火險

並列摘要

The present paper reviews several topics on fire danger research in the world. First, sources of fire danger that consist of research in fire hazard and fire risk are reviewed, Second, studies in the development of fire danger rating, including history of different countries, approaches of devising fire danger rating, and fire danger modeling are described. Third, fire danger rating systems that are currently used around the world are compared. Fourth, studies in evaluation of the fire danger rating systems are analyzed. From the literature, it is known that research in forest fire danger rating systems commenced in the 1930s in North America. It is a complex task that requires integrating knowledge from biological, climatic, physical, and behavioral fields. There are various approaches to developing fire danger rating, such as the statistical approach, biophysical approach, social survey and observation, and GIS. Through decades of efforts, laboratory experiments have led to the development of various fire danger rating models based on physical principles or other factors. Based on these theoretical models, various fire danger rating systems have been established to provide guide-lines for various fire management needs.

並列關鍵字

forest fire danger ； fire danger rating system ； fire hazard ； fire risk