- 期刊
- OpenAccess
應用物種分布模式推估台灣東方蜜蜂之授粉服務
Modeling the Pollination Service of Apis cerana in Taiwan Based on the Species Distribution Model
摘要
無論是野生植物繁衍或農作物收穫，蜜蜂無疑是最有效率的授粉昆蟲之一，然而，近代蜜蜂數量大幅減少已經成為關注的議題。本研究以東方蜜蜂（Apis cerana）為目標物種，整合物種調查點位、環境因子與土地覆蓋類型等圖資，應用最大熵物種分布模式模擬物種的適宜棲地分布，進而建立適於推估台灣本島東方蜜蜂之授粉服務空間模式。研究結果顯示，東方蜜蜂之適宜棲地明顯趨向低至中海拔一帶的地區，即以天然林和人工林所形成的林木與果樹等植被為其授粉服務對象，農業發展為主的平原地區則較少。結果亦說明，東方蜜蜂分布可能受到人為干擾，如農業活動使棲地受到改變與大量飼養西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）造成物種間食物資源競爭的機率提高。總結而言，藉由本研究之空間模式運算，可瞭解授粉昆蟲對環境之貢獻度與授粉服務供給之熱點範圍，將有助於土地經營管理與物種保育相關工作的進行。
並列摘要
Bees may be one of the most efficient insects for pollinating both wild plants and cultivated crops. Nevertheless, drastic declines in wild bee populations have become an environmental issue which has recently garnered much attention. In this study, we collected occurrence records of the Asian honeybee species, Apis cerana. We then combined data of environmental factors and land cover types to generate a simulation of suitable habitat distributions for the species using a maximum entropy species distribution model. In addition, we established a spatial model of the species’ pollination services in Taiwan based on the distribution of suitable habitats. We found that A. cerana preferred habitats at low to medium elevations compared to agricultural areas of the plains. Thus it provides much more pollination services to natural forests, planted forests, and orchards than to lowland paddy fields. This might be due to greater disturbances by human development and competition from the introduced exotic bee species, Apis mellifera, in agricultural areas of the plains. Based on results of this study, we were able to determine areas where A. cerana can provide pollination services. This knowledge should be helpful in promoting better land management and species conservation.