「次承攬人」作為民法第五一三條抵押權權利主體之探討－比較法上的分析

尌承攬人抵押權的主體言，既然次承攬人通常為承攬工作實際執行的人，故次承攬人應有主張民法第513條抵押權的可能。當承攬人未支付次承攬人報酬時，如次承攬人將來欲主張抵押權，應課予次承攬人「即時通知定作人」的義務，使定作人知悉「承攬人未支付次承攬人報酬，次承攬人可能對工作所附的定作人不動產主張抵押權」。次承攬人通知定作人後，定作人嗣後須支付承攬人的報酬數額，得扣除承攬人未支付次承攬人的報酬數額，即可使定作人免於雙重給付的危險。承攬人向定作人請求報酬時，承攬人應證明其已支付每一個次承攬人報酬，或提出每一個次承攬人都拋棄抵押權的聲明書。如有該聲明書，定作人即可免於次承攬人對其抵押權的主張，這也是使定作人免於雙重給付危險的方式。

關鍵字

承攬人抵押權；次承攬人；紐約系統；賓夕凡尼亞系統；通知義務；拋棄抵押權

並列摘要

As far as subject of mechanic's lien is concerned, since the subcontractor is usually the practical implementation of contracted work, he should be given the right to claim mechanic's lien by Article 513 of the Civil Code.If the contractor does not pay the subcontractor the remuneration and the subcontractor wants to foreclose in the future, the subcontractor is obliged to ”provide a notice to inform the proprietor immediately” to make the proprietor aware that ”the contractor does not pay the subcontractor the remuneration, and the subcontractor may foreclose the estate of the proprietor which the hire of work is done on.” After the subcontractor informs the proprietor, the proprietor may deduct the unpaid amount of the remuneration when he pays the contractor the remuneration so that he can avoid the danger of double payment.When the contractor demands the remuneration from the proprietor, he should ”demonstrate that each subcontractor has been paid” or ”give to the proprietor a signed release of lien from each subcontractor.” According to the release, the proprietor can be exempted from the subcontractor claiming his lien. This is a way to make the proprietor from the danger of double payment.