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朝鮮後期《嘉興大藏經》佛典的刊行與其影響
The Publication and Influence of the Jiaxing Tripitaka Buddhist Text during the Late Joseon Dynasty
摘要
本文考察1681年由中國漂流船傳入朝鮮的《嘉興藏》佛典之復刻、改刻本，並探討這些佛典對朝鮮佛教界的影響。本文具體考察《嘉興藏》在朝鮮復刻、改刻的情況及其影響，此點應具有學術價值。1681年6月，中國商船因遭遇颱風，漂流至朝鮮全羅道的荏子島，住在附近寺院的栢庵性聰聽說漂流船載有佛經的消息，立即趕往海岸收集。之後，性聰帶著收集的佛經前往樂安澄光寺，以作為講院教材的想法去進行復刻、改刻。即便在性聰圓寂後，也有多種《嘉興藏》佛典持續進行復刻、改刻。到目前為止，所刊行的《嘉興藏》佛典已確認有22種249卷。當時傳入的《嘉興藏》佛典對朝鮮佛教界的影響，可分為三點來考察。第一是講院教育的確立，第二是華嚴學的流行，第三是戒脈傳統的復原。由於性聰以講院教材為中心刊行並流通《嘉興藏》佛典，全國講院皆得以使用同樣的教材學習，其中又以對《華嚴經疏鈔》的研究最為活躍，掀起華嚴學的流行風潮。而且在17-18世紀，《嘉興藏》中收錄與戒律相關的佛經屢次進行復刻，進而加深戒律的理解，從此得以復原戒脈的傳統。因此，1681年《嘉興藏》的傳入與刊行，對朝鮮佛教界帶來一股新的活力。
並列摘要
This paper explores the reprinting and republication of the Jiaxing Tripitaka Buddhist texts, initially brought to Joseon by a Chinese drifting ship in 1681, and assesses their impact on the Joseon Buddhist community. This article holds academic significance as it provides a comprehensive examination of the reprinting and republishing processes of the Jiaxing Tripitaka Buddhist texts, shedding light on their introduction and subsequent influence. In June 1681, during a typhoon, a Chinese merchant ship found itself stranded on Imjado Island in Jeolla Province. Baekam Seongchong, residing in a nearby temple, was informed of Buddhist books that had washed ashore from the ship. He gathered the books and transported them to Jingguang Temple in Nakan. There, he initiated the reprinting and republication process, with a particular emphasis on materials related to Buddhist education. Following Seongchong's passing, various editions of the Jiaxing Tripitaka Buddhist books were reproduced, totaling 22 different types and comprising 249 volumes, as identified thus far. The impact of the Jiaxing Tripitaka Buddhist texts on the Joseon Buddhist world can be categorized into three main areas. Firstly, they contributed to the establishment of a structured system for Buddhist education. Secondly, they facilitated the popularization of the study of the Avatamsaka Sutra. Lastly, they played a significant role in the restoration of the Sect of Buddhist Commandments. The publication and dissemination of the Jiaxing Tripitaka Buddhist books by Seongchong, focusing on Buddhist educational materials, facilitated a unified study approach across the country. Among these materials, the study of the Commentaries on the Avatamsaka Sutra emerged as particularly active, leading to a widespread trend in Avatamsaka Sutra studies. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the books concerning Buddhist Commandments from the Jiaxing Tripitaka were reprinted multiple times, contributing to a deepened understanding of precepts and the subsequent restoration of the Sect of Buddhist Commandments. Therefore, it can be concluded that the transmission and publication of the Jiaxing Tripitaka in 1681 revitalized the Buddhist community in Joseon.