動態助詞“卻”的語法化探究

語法化問題一直是語怯學裡重要的課題，動詞或形容詞的語法化會造成詞類的產生，動態助詞便是其中的一類。本文以「卻」為研究對象，探討它的語法化過程、發生與完成的時代、影響演變的因素。本文使用的語料以六朝佛經為主，參照非佛經資料，先由「卻V」與「V卻」的比較論起，重點在「v卻」的討論“「V卻」受到句法位置的改變、詞義制約逐漸喪失詞彙意義。「V卻」由連動變為使成階段，賓語後置，「卻」當結果補語時，以不帶賓語為主。唐代是「卻」語法化完成的時代，「V卻」的V不再受限，而且「V卻」可接賓語“這些問題都是本文亟欲探究的重點。

關鍵字

語法化；卻；卻V ； V卻

並列摘要

Grammaticalization is always an important topic in Syntax. The grammaticalization of verbs or adjectives will produce new syntactic categories, such as verbal aspects. This paper focuses on QUE and discusses the process of its grammaticalization, the periods in which its grammaticalization began and finished, and the factors influencing the transitions. The data used in this paper are mainly the Buddhist Scripture of Liuchao, and other data, which are not the Buddhist Scripture, are also referred to. The discussion begins at the comparison of ”QUE+V” and ”V+QUE” and the discussion of ”V+ QUE” is the main point. ”V+ QUE” lost its lexical meanings gradually because of the change of its syntactic positions. ”V+QUE” changed from serial verb to causative verb and is placed after the Object. In Liuchao, QUE prototypically didn't carry an Object when it was a resultative complement. The grammaticalization of QUE finished in the Tang Dynasty, in which the V of ”V+QUE” was not limited and ”V+QUE” could carry an Object. These issues are the main points investigated in this paper.