時代的悲吟與創憶：論晚清詩的苦難敘事

本文有鑑於晚清詩普遍反映時局動亂的現象，採用文化創傷理論作為論述支持，試圖探討晚清詩人如何化用抒情美學以表達對歷史悲痛的敘述？創造哪些屬於晚清中國的苦難記憶？透過事件史與傳記史的撰寫方式，又是如何厚實晚清詩歌苦難敘事的內容。整體而言，在晚清詩詩人深沉的哀嘆之中，或以人繫事，或以地繫事等方法，建構鮮明的晚清敘事詩圖景展開論述，其融合敘事與抒情的寫作手法，舖設合理的人、事敘述，故事情節精煉，在時間長度與空間變化的展現上，具有「以詩補史」、「詩史互證」的特徵。面對苦難時，詩人以親身經歷的「自我敘事」，抒發悲、憤之情，且在構建集體記憶的過程中，給予人物鮮明悲苦的形塑，透露「個人身分認同」之意涵；同時，為加深讀者印象，方便為時代「創憶」，晚清詩人以創傷敘述的方式記憶苦難的深度，在清末詩壇形成特殊現象，有其探究之價值。

關鍵字

晚清詩；苦難；敘事；詩史；創傷敘述

並列摘要

Because the poems of late Qing generally reflects the situation of turmoil political, it was demonstrated using culture-trauma theory in this study, and probe into how poet take with lyrical aesthetics in order to express to history sorrowful narration, how to record the trauma memory of China of late Qing, and passed with incident and personages' record to the content of suffered narration poem of late Qing, abundantly. Through the writing for history of event and history of biography, suffer the narration of abundant late Qing poem. Integrally, it was construct the distinct the view of epic of late Qing and described, or with the thing of people's department in the poem in late Qing, or methods under the deep lamentation of poet. It merged and narrated with the lyrical writing tactics, lay rational person , thing to narrate, story plot refine, represent in the change of length and space, have , characteristic of ' history of poetry card each other '. Face the suffering , the poet released personal experience of self-narrative express one's own compassion and feeling of the anger ; During the process of collective memory, it offered the molding of personage's distinct grief, and reveal the meaning that ' the personal identity is approved ' (personal identity ); Meanwhile, for strengthen impression of reader and create the recall of era c, it was worth to analysis the poet of late Qing that used the suffering memory to narrated trauma with the huge poem form to made of the treatise, form the special phenomena of the poetry circles of latter stage of Qing Dynasty.