- 期刊
論《大智度論》的慈悲觀
On the View of Compassion in the "Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa"
摘要
大乘佛學菩薩道的修行，離不開菩提心、大悲心與般若的修持，因此「慈悲」在《大智度論》被定位為佛道的根本，而「慈悲心」的行持更是大乘法門行者的特色。印度龍樹菩薩更以「愛念眾生」定義「慈」，以「憐憫眾生」定義「悲」。可見「大慈」是給與一切眾生樂，「大悲」是拔除一切眾生苦，「大慈大悲」是願眾生捨離一切苦的因緣，能得一切安穩樂事的利他思想。筆者基於以上的體認，因此在本文中以《大智度論》為依據主軸，先論述《大智度論》的主要思想，進而討論慈悲的意涵、四無量心、《大智度論》中的三種慈悲、「慈悲心」的六度萬行，並且在結論中，提出《大智度論》慈悲思想的啟示，惟有透過以「般若波羅蜜」為重的慈悲心，方能六度相攝相行圓滿慈悲，而達到成佛的彼岸。因此筆者在本文中探討「慈悲」思想的真諦之後，認為慈悲的六度萬行必須以般若智慧為引導，因而菩薩必須修學般若波羅蜜，才能成就無上佛道，這也是般若被尊稱為「諸佛之母」的原因。而《大智度論》說「慈悲」是「般若波羅蜜」之母，佛以「般若波羅蜜」為母，因此「慈悲」亦可說是諸佛的祖母，是大乘菩薩發心立願成佛的根基。並且進一步認為「慈悲」與「智慧」猶如一體之兩面，車之雙輪、鳥之雙翼，缺一不可，只有悲智雙運的慈悲觀，才能彰顯大乘菩薩度眾的菩薩道精神。
並列摘要
The practice of the path of Bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism is inseparable from the cultivation of Bodhicitta, Great compassion, and prajñā. Therefore, " compassion " is defined as the foundation of the Buddhist path in the " Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa ", and the practice of "compassion" is even a characteristic of Mahayana practitioners. The Indian bodhisattva of Nāgārjuna defines " mercy " as " loving all sentient beings " and "compassion " as " having pity on sentient beings ". Thus, we can see that " Great mercy " is to give happiness for all sentient beings, " Great compassion " is to remove all sentient beings from suffering. " " Great compassion " is the altruistic thought of of wishing all sentient beings to give up the causes and the conditions of all suffering and to attain all peace and happiness. Therefore, based on the above understanding, the author focuses on the " Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa " as the main axis, firstly discussing its major ideas, and then examining the meaning of " compassion ", the four immeasurables, the three kinds of " compassion " in the " Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa ", and the six perfections( Pāramitā) of the mind of compassion. In conclusion, the author proposes the enlightenment of the compassionate thought in the " Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa ", is put forward, suggesting that only through a compassionate mind with the prajñā-pāramitā as the most important, only then can one achieve complete compassion through the six perfections(Pāramitā) being integrated and practiced, leading to the attainment of Buddhahood. Therefore, after discussing the true meaning of the thought of " compassion " in this article, the author believes that the six perfections(Pāramitā)of the compassion must be guided by the wisdom of prajñā, and therefore, Bodhisattvas must cultivate the prajna-pāramitā to achieve the supreme Buddhist path, which is also why prajñā is so called the "mother of all Buddhas." "Compassion" is the "mother of prajñā-pāramitā " is said in the " Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa " and since the Buddha regards " prajñā-pāramitā " as the mother, " compassion " can also be regarded as the grandmother of all Buddhas and the foundation of the vows of Mahayana Bodhisattva to become a Buddha. Furthermore, " compassion " and " wisdom " are like two sides of one body, the two wheels of a cart, or the two wings of a bird being indispensable, and only the the concept of compassion combined with both compassion and wisdom can demonstrate the spirit of the Bodhsiattva path of the Mahayana Bodhisattva to save all sentient beings.