植牙,同時兼俱固定式與可撤式假牙的優點,所以有越來越多缺牙患者願意接此治療。但是其組織結構與自然牙是不同的,癒合後植體與周圍齒槽骨呈現骨整合(osseointegration)的現象,缺乏牙骨質與牙周韌帶,同時血流的供應及分佈比自然牙疏鬆,使得植體周圍組織對細菌感染的抵抗力比自然牙的牙周組織弱,根據動物模型研究顯示,一旦受到感染產生植體周圍炎,其病程的進展與擴散將會比牙周炎來的快與廣。另外雖然不同的口腔環境也會導致植體周圍菌種的不同,但根據許多究報告顯示,造成植體周圍炎的菌種仍以革蘭氏陰性厭氧菌為主,與牙周炎的致病菌種類似。本文將探討植體與自然牙在解剖結構之不同,植體與菌種間的關係,以闡明植體周圍炎之病理進程,植體周圍炎的診斷與治療,以增加植牙的成功率及長期預後之保持。
Treatment of partial and total edentulous with dental implants has an accepted therapy in dentistry. Peri-implantitis is defined as an inflammatory process affecting the tissues around an osseointegrated implant in infection, resulting in loss of suppor-ting bone. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the anatomic structure, microbiology, diagnosis and treatment of peri-implantitis to prevent and intercept these disease.