- 期刊
植體長度選擇－臨床上需要種植多長的植體？
How Long is Enough Regarding Dental Implant Length?
摘要
缺牙區使用植體重建已被證實有很高的成功率。但是臨床上手術醫師仍然會遇到的困境：植體長度該如何選擇？是否越長越好嗎？還是隨著科技進步，短的也可以？到底植體的長度多長才足夠？臨床上，植入較長的植體時，有較高風險可能會傷害下齒槽神經或者上顎竇，儘管能在術前放射線學檢查評估時來預防或者透過其他手術來避免上述問題，但是對於手術過程所需額外的時間、費用、自身的風險等也需要納入治療計畫考量；反之較短的植體被詬病的是會產生較差的牙冠對植體比（crown-to-implant length ratio）以及較少的骨與植體接觸表面積，可能導致穩定性不足。本文藉由文獻回顧分析在臨床上最適合種植的植體長度，以提供牙醫師面對此類問題時的處置參考。
並列摘要
Rehabilitation of an edentulous jaw using a dental implant has been documented as a predictable treatment. Clinically, the placement of a longer implant may create a higher risk of injury to the sinus or inferior alveolar nerve. Furthermore, reduced alveolar bone height can limit implant placement anatomically. These injuries can be avoided by the preoperative radiographic inspection and evaluation. In addition, bone grafting techniques, inferior alveolar nerve transposition and/or sinus lift procedures can be carried out to allow the placement of longer implants. However, additional time is required for these surgical procedures and the costs associated with them, as well as the patients' medical condition, should also be considered. The current literature supports the validity of short dental implants as a viable option, because these confer several advantages. However, the survival rate of short implants remains a controversial issue. Some studies have shown higher failure rates for shorter implants and therefore the placement of longer implant has been advocated as a result. The aim of this review is to define the optimal range for the length of implants. The advantages and disadvantages of shorter and longer dental implants are thoroughly discussed in this article, and current knowledge on outcome when using different implant lengths is also reviewed.