從1964年柏克萊言論自由運動論美國大學生的理想教育－兼論戰後美國高教危機

The Ideal Education of the American College Students from the Angle of 1964's Berkeley Free Speech Movement

蔡米虹(Mi-Hung Tsai)

《興大歷史學報》 20期 (2008/08) Pp. 189-224

https://doi.org/10.29624/CHJH.200808.0008

摘要

1960年代是美國變革時代，社會運動風起雲湧。其中又以學生運動更是引發世界性的影響。美國學生運動的興起帶來的是教育體制弊端的發現。1964年加州大學柏克萊校園的「言論自由運動」(Free Speech Movement, FSM)正體現這個時代的教育問題。因此本文試圖以此運動的發展來探討，美國大學生對傳統教育的批判與理想教育的追求問題。本文主要以當時著名的學生組織團體「學生民主會」(Students for a Democratic Society, SDS)發表的宣言文件做為分析文獻。從美國大學生的行動與想法，當能進一步瞭解學生自我對權利與權力意識的覺醒。

關鍵字

學生運動 ； 言論自由運動 ； 學生民主會 ； 教育改革 ； 休倫港宣言 ； 美國與新時代

並列摘要

The 1960s was an age of change. Many social movements occurred. Especially the Student Movement exerted a global influence. The Student Movement originated in the educational abuses. Its representative was the Free Speech Movement (FSM) in Berkeley, California University. The paper will discuss the development of the FSM on how American college students criticized the traditional system of education, and what their ideal college education was. The main documents are the Speeches from the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). By observing the actions and thoughts of the Student Movement, we can understand how these students became aware of their rights and power.

並列關鍵字

student movement ； Free Speech Movement ； Students for a Democratic Society ； educational innovation ； The Port Huron Statement ； America and the New Era

參考文獻

Kenneth Keniston(1968).Young Radicals: Notes on Committed Youth.New York:Harcourt, Brace and World.

Larry C. Kerpelman(1972).Activists and Nonactivists: a Psychological Study of American College Students.New York:Behavioral.

Lewis Feuer S.(1977).The Conflict of Generations: The Character and Significance of Student Movements.New York:Basic Books.

Stanley Rothman,Robert S. Lichter(1982).Roots of Radicalism: Jews, Christians, and the New Left.New York:Oxford University Press.

Terry H. Anderson(1995).The Movement and The Sixties.Oxford University.