Teaching at Medical School

醫學院教師如何教學

張步良(Paul P. L. Chang)

《Journal of Medical Education》 3卷4期 (1999/12) Pp. 347-355

https://doi.org/10.6145/jme.199912_3(4).0002

摘要

醫學敎育在二十世紀初，将解剖學、生理學、生化學、細菌學、病理學及藥理學六大科作為臨床醫學的基礎，以明瞭病理引起生理變化疾病狀的產生，因此醫學敎育需注重基礎醫學。近幾十年來，由於科學快速進展，難以將所有的基礎醫學知識完整的敎授給醫學生，而病人求醫的問題亦因社會經濟變化、敎育水準提高、治療方法日新月異、壽命延長、道德倫理觀念等因素更形複雜，敎學方法及理論隨著改變，目前許多學校採納問題解決及小組討論的敎學方法。作者在此，將有關醫學敎育的目的、課程安排、敎學方法及學生評鑑等作一個整體的討論。

關鍵字

醫學教育 ； 教學方法 ； 教學理論 ； 課程

並列摘要

The 1910 Abraham Flexner recommendation,which changed medical education inAmerica,was introduced to Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1917 when theschool was established with a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.This same educationprinciple was adopted by National Taiwan University College of Medicine in the early1950s.The rapid advances in medical science have made it impossible to teach all theconcepts and topics in our curriculum.Even the experts have knowledge gaps in their specialties.Only the essential knowledge necessary to prepare the student for clinical problemsolving should be included in a digestible medical curriculum executed by the appropriateteaching methods.Information management is imperative to preserve our sanity.To practicemedicine,our students should possess the communication skills,the correct attitudes,and the moral/ethical values necessary to become knowledgeable,competent,and compassionatephysicians.Good physicians are measured by their relationship with their patients,not by their knowledge of basic science and their ability to recount medical facts.Role modeling can create a model physician.Evaluation and feedback are important toimprove performance and to correct deficiencies.It is therefore important to review thegoals of medical education,the essence of a well-developed curriculum,the appropriateteaching methods and the process of evaluation.

並列關鍵字

medical education ； teaching methods ； teaching theory ； curriculum