- 期刊
新冠疫情下中高齡退休者再就業影響因素之比較
The Comparison of Factors on Reemployment of Middle-Aged and Advanced Age Labors under COVID-19 Pandemic
摘要
在原有勞動力逐漸老化而青年勞動力遞補不足的現況下，如何引發中高齡及高齡退休者再就業的意願及動機，已然成為人力資源的運用關鍵，亦是須關注的勞動與人力資源議題，尤其是新冠疫情對於中高齡以上退休者的再就業影響性，尚未有足夠的研究進行揭露。就工作動機來看，中高齡及高齡退休者多已滿足馬斯洛需求理論的生理、安全、甚至是社會需求，純粹以財務回報作為刺激條件，似乎已無法充分引發其重返職場的誘因。而從國外文獻的整理及敘述，發現工作意義對於已滿足基本需求的中高齡及高齡退休者，有著更為顯著的激勵影響。故本研究從工作意義角度，切入中高齡及高齡退休者重返職場的動機分析，以計畫行為理論為基礎，引用國外發展的「工作意義量表」為研究工具，透過便利抽樣對已退休之中高齡及高齡退休者進行問卷調查，回收269份有效問卷後進行統計分析，其中以北北基人數較多。數據分析方法採取描述性統計以了解受訪者社會背景，再透過差異性分析比較性別、年齡、教育程度、地區、年資、職級等六個背景變項，以瞭解不同組群在六個研究構面的差異。研究結果發現，工作意義的差異分析呈現達顯著水準，且平均數高、標準差集中，可見工作意義對於中高齡以上退休者再就業有相當的重要性；另政府對於中高齡以上退休者的就業輔助政策和措施，是影響其是否能夠重返職場的重要因素。相關研究結論與建議，提供學術及實務工作者參考。
並列摘要
The insufficient supplement of the young workforce and on-the-job workers were senescence which caused a shortage of labor force and it appeared in recent years. How to motivate middle-aged and elderly retirees back to the workplace was the key factor of human resource in rearrangement policy. Indeed, it was a critical issue to care about the development of labor forces and human resources. In fact, insufficient study to discuss the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the motivation and willingness of reemployment for middle-aged and elderly retirees. It was easy to find, compare to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the middle-aged and elderly retirees are satisfied with the needs of physiological, safety, and belongingness or love. Thus, inspire them back to the workplace only by financial reward was not enough. It was found, based on related literature review, the "meaningful work" plays an essential role to the middle-aged and elderly retirees' motivation of back to the workplace. Therefore, this study stands on the perspective of "meaningful work" to analyze and interpret middle-aged and elderly retirees' motivation for reemployment. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was employed as the theoretical basis of this study. A developed survey questionnaire from related studies were adopted in this research. Convenience sampling was used for data collection and subjected to middle-aged and elderly retirees in Taiwan. There are 269 in total returned data and the majority returned from Taipei City, New Taipei City, and Keelung City. The descriptive analysis was applied to explore the background of respondents. Further, the comparison of the mean score was used to understand the difference between demographic groups included gender, age, education level, location, seniority, and position. The result shows the "meaningful work" reached the significant level. Further, the mean scores and high centralized standard deviation coefficients of "meaningful work" reflected it was an important factor to influence senior or mid-aged persons' intention to return workplace. Some comments and suggestions were provided for academic and practice as reference.