- 期刊
Illite, Vermiculite and Montmorillonite of 2:1 Clay Minerals Related to Shale Classifications and KCI muds
伊萊石、蛭石及蒙特石2：1型黏土礦物與頁岩分類及KCI泥漿之關係
摘要
在油井工業中，伊萊石、蛭石及蒙特石不是被定義很清楚的黏士礦物。在沉積物中之伊萊石（水化雲母或黏土雲母）其Ｘ射線繞射有一寬廣的10.1A繞射峰。而黏土礦物命名委員會則建議伊萊石之名稱需符合下面之定義：（1）非膨脹性之雲母層，（2）二八面體，（3）最大層間電荷為+0.8，伊萊石之平均K2O含量為8.75%。本實驗共採十四個頁岩樣品，分析其水活度、黏土含量、表面積、陽離子交換容量（K/NH4及Ca/Mg交換）及鉀之等溫吸抹曲線藉以決定穩定頁岩及黏土所需鉀之最低濃度。在本文也討論添加化合物來穩定頁岩之原理。在本文也討論添加化合物來穩定頁岩之原理。鉀之固定高分子連結黏土之結晶邊緣、不同永久電荷之陽離子交換以及飽和鹽類之泥漿可壓縮電雙層之厚度以及頁岩表面脫水均可穩定頁岩。
並列摘要
Illite, vermiculite and montmorillonite are poorly defined clay minerals that are misused in the oil drilling industry. Illite (hydromica or clay mica) has a broad 10Ǻ X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak in sediments. The Clay Minerals Nomenclature Committee recommended that the present species of illite need to meet the following requirements: (1) the micaceous layers are non-expandable, (2) the octaherdral sheet is dioctahedral, and (3) the maximum interlayer charge is about +0.8. The average potassium oxide (K2O) content of illite is 8.75 percent. Fourteen shale samples have been analyzed for their water activity, clay content, surface area, cation exchange capacities (K/NH4 exchange and Ca/Mg exchange), the K sorption isotherm curve decide the minimum K concentration requirements to neutralize the stability of shales and clays. Principle of the additional chemicals to stabilize shales has also been discussed in this paper. The mechanism of shale stabilization needs to consider the K fixation, polymer linkage on the crystal edge of clays, various cations exchange on the permanent substituted sites, and saturated salt mud to compress the thickness of double layer and dehydrated the shale surface, etc.