Lexicography reflects theories of lexical semantics, while also reflecting characteristics in human cognitive aspects. Word meanings develop dynamically under the influence of metonymy and metaphor. This paper analyzes the mechanism of polysemy and vagueness of word meanings with categorization theory to analyze the meanings of the words дядя and зять. This paper deepens the understanding of the dynamic development of lexical semantics, which can become a linguistic material and reference for lexical semantics, lexicography and RFL teaching. The results of this paper show that there is an inverse relationship between the schema and its specificities in the dynamic development of word meanings.