川普政府對COVID-19的應變作為：情報失靈或決策失誤？

2020年川普政府對COVID-19疫情未能採取果斷適當之應變作為，問題之一在情報失靈，究其原因包括：第一，情報蒐集之限制，未能掌握傳染病起源、發生時間與地點等確切情報；第二，情報分析人員和國安團隊對於生物戰、流行性疾病造成的衝擊認知不足；第三，政府流行病監測體系龐大分散，造成資訊分享障礙；第四，情報與政策的關係扭曲，川普總統的個人意志凌駕情報和醫療公衛專業，導致防疫任務延誤。

關鍵字

2019嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎；情報失靈；醫學情報；公共衛生監測；情報政治化

並列摘要

Intelligence failure has been regarded as one of the reasons for the Trump administration's poor response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper argues that early-warning intelligence regarding the origin of pathogens and information about the pandemic were inadequate. Intelligence analysts and national security officials did not fully comprehend the dire consequences of biological warfare and epidemic. The entire U.S. pandemic surveillance system was too dispersed to facilitate information sharing. And President Donald Trump's unwillingness to accept advice from intelligence agencies, medical experts and public health officials also led to delays in COVID-19 pandemic response.

並列關鍵字

COVID-19 ； Intelligence Failure ； Medical Intelligence ； Public Health Surveillance ； Politicization of Intelligence

參考文獻

Gradon, Kacper & Wesley R. Moy, 2021/9/30. “COVID-19 Response -Lessons from Secret Intelligence Failures,” The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs, Taylor & Francis Online,.

Gressang, Daniel S. & James J. Wirtz, 2021/6/14. “Rethinking Warning:Intelligence, Novel Events, and the COVID-19 Pandemic,” International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, .

宋筱元，1999。《國家情報問題之研究：情報與國家關係之分析》。桃園：中央警察大學出版社。