黨的路線與權力鬥爭：回顧毛澤東以來中共重大路線鬥爭

中國共產黨一百年來歷經多次路線更迭，1949年建國證明「農村包圍城市」策略奏效，而此路線代表人物毛澤東，係在延安透過整風手段，取得黨內最高領導權。建國之後，為了以何種模式推動社會主義建設，中共黨內爆發路線爭議及權力鬥爭，包括是否結束新民主主義及「冒進」與「反冒進」之爭等，埋下了日後大躍進及文化大革命的因子。文革結束後為了爭奪領導權，中共黨內再次爆發路線之爭。從改革開放路線開始，迄2022年中共二十大前夕，黨內權力鬥爭並不止歇，說明中共作為剛性革命政黨，黨的路線轉移，終將以慘烈的權力鬥爭為代價。

關鍵字

毛澤東；新民主主義；反冒進；鄧小平；習近平

並列摘要

The party lines of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) shifted frequently over the past century. The success of the CCP in establishing the People's Republic of China (PRC) contributed to the strategy of ＂encircling the cities from the rural areas,＂ which was developed mainly by Mao Zedong. In order to gain supreme leadership within the CCP, Mao launched the so-called ＂Rectification Movement＂ in Yan'an to overcome his political adversaries. After the establishment of the PRC, a series of party line controversies broke out among the CCP leadership over what should be the right way to promote a socialist construct, including, among other things, whether to terminate the New Democracy policy and the struggle between ＂Rash Advance＂ and ＂Opposing Rash Advance.＂ This path accounts for the disaster of the ＂Great Leap Forward＂ and prepared the field for the Cultural Revolution. A new round of power struggle broke out after the Cultural Revolution. From the ＂Reform and Open＂ policy launched in 1979 through the 20th National Congress of the CCP later this year, the shadow of line disputes and power struggles lingers and reminds us that as a Bolshevik revolutionary party, the CCP's party line and the power of discourse always have to be shifted at the price of fierce power struggles.