心率變異性在團體運動員體能訓練與競賽之應用

定期監控運動員之訓練負荷與生理狀態，能掌握其訓練適應、疲勞狀態與運動表現。心率變異性（heart rate variability, HRV）可反映運動員之自主神經系統狀態，以藉此瞭解訓練與比賽對運動員適應與疲勞的影響。本文回顧文獻整理近年在團體運動中進行HRV量測之相關研究，目的在探討訓練與競賽對HRV之影響。研究結果得知在團體運動中，一般以HRV的時域分析為主，並透過1週三次量測所計算的週平均值與變異係數，以共同評估運動員之身體狀態。測量對象為團體運動員時，因團隊人數較多，為增加每週多次量測的可行性，使用1分鐘超短期量測之方式相較於標準5分鐘之量測方式較節省時間，且同樣能反映運動員之身體狀態。近五年探討團體運動員於訓練過程與賽季後之HRV變化的相關研究日趨增加，其中以足球類運動為大宗。然而，HRV僅為反映訓練狀態的其中一個因子，尚需要其他多面向的監測才能全面瞭解一個團體運動員的訓練適應與疲勞程度，達到調整訓練計畫，長期提升體能狀態並增加運動表現的目標。

關鍵字

訓練適應；疲勞；運動表現；自主神經系統

並列摘要

Monitoring training loads and physiological status regularly can facilitate understanding an athlete's training adaptation, fatigue status, and athletic performance. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the autonomic nervous system status of an athlete. Thus, HRV is used to monitor the influence of training and competition on training adaptation and fatigue. This review paper summarizes the relevant research on HRV measurement in team sports in recent years, with the purpose of exploring the effect of training and competition on HRV. The results show that the time-domain HRV indices are mainly used in team sports. Weekly mean and coefficient of variation of HRV indices calculated by three measurements per week can be utilized to assess athletic status concomitantly. To improve the practicality of multiple measurements in team sports, a 1-min ultra-short-term HRV record provides time efficiency as compared to the standard measurement and reflects the athletic status as well. There is a growing body of research investigating the changes of HRV after training and competition in the past five years, with soccer as the primary sport being investigated. However, HRV is only considered as one of the determinants influencing an athlete's training status. Consequently, a multidimensional monitoring construct is needed to accurately reflect the training adaptation and fatigue level of a team athlete. This will allow us to adjust the training program and achieve the goal of improving fitness status and athletic performance in the long term.

並列關鍵字

training adaptation ； fatigue ； athletic performance ； autonomic nervous system

參考文獻

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Figueiredo, D. H., Figueiredo, D. H., Moreira, A., Gonçalves, H. R., & Stanganelli, L. C. R. (2019). Effect of overload and tapering on individual heart rate variability, stress tolerance, and intermittent running performance in soccer players during a preseason. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(5), 1222-1231. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003127

國際替代計量

心率變異性在團體運動員體能訓練與競賽之應用

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