由中國體育法修正談臺灣運動禁藥管制之精進

Advancement of Anti-Doping Regulation in Taiwan Through Amendments to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Physical Culture and Sports

陳宏志(Hung-Chih Chen)

《大專體育》 166期 (2024/01) Pp. 1-8

https://doi.org/10.6162/SRR.202401_(166).0001

摘要

運動禁藥管制，與競賽之公平息息相關，特別是各大國際賽事更為重視。本文以中國2022年修正、2023年施行之《體育法》為研析對象。因運動禁藥之執行攸關運動員權益，應符合法律保留原則。中國已由原屬法律位階層級較低之部門規章，改於《體育法》內規範。因此，本文目的在於反思臺灣《國民體育法》涉運動禁藥管制之規定，是否符合法律保留或其他法理、原則。研析後發現，《國民體育法》與相關法令雖有運動禁藥管制之規範，但法律位階不高，未將國際規範內國法化，亦不利運動員權益保護。本文建議除提升認知外，可考量將運動禁藥管制之要件或法律責任等重要事項直接入法，以維權益。

關鍵字

治療用途豁免 ； 運動法律 ； 運動賽事 ； 世界運動禁藥管制規範 ； 隱私保護

並列摘要

The control of doping in sports is crucial for ensuring fairness in competitions, especially in major international events. This analysis examines the 2022 amendments to The Law of the People's Republic of China on Physical Culture and Sports (Sports Law) and its implementation in 2023. The enforcement of anti-doping regulations is pivotal for protecting athletes' rights and should adhere to the principle of legal reservation. In this context, China has raised the legal standing of these regulations from mere departmental rules to formal inclusion in the Sports Law. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine whether the anti-doping provisions in Taiwan's National Sports Act are in line with the principles of legal reservation and other jurisprudential doctrines. The analysis reveals that, while Taiwan's National Sports Act and related legal provisions address anti-doping measures, they lack sufficient legal prominence. This deficiency impedes the integration of international standards into domestic law and the effective protection of athletes' rights. Consequently, this paper recommends that, beyond raising awareness, crucial elements like the criteria for anti-doping control and legal responsibilities should be explicitly incorporated into the legislation to ensure robust rights protection.

並列關鍵字

therapeutic use exemptions ； sports law ； sport events ； World Anti-Doping Code ； privacy protection

參考文獻

中華運動禁藥防制基金會（無日期）。關於我們。https://www.antidoping.org.tw/organization/[Chinese Taipei Anti-Doping Agency. (n.d.). About us. https://www.antidoping.org.tw/en/organization/]

中華運動禁藥防制基金會（2023 年 6 月 16 日）。轉知：第 19 屆 2022 杭州亞洲運動會運動禁藥管制相關事項。https://www.antidoping.org.tw/news/%E8%BD%89%E7%9F%A5%EF%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC19%E5%B1%862022%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E7%A6%81%E8%97%A5%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BA%8B/[Chinese Taipei Anti-Doping Agency. (2023, June 16). Notice: Matters related to doping control at the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022. https://www.antidoping.org.tw/news/%E8%BD%89%E7%9F%A5%EF%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC19%E5%B1%862022%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E7%A6%81%E8%97%A5%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BA%8B/]

全國人民代表大會（2022 年 6 月 30 日）。體育法迎來全面修訂—為新時代體育事業發展提供法治保障。http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/c30834/20220 6/t20220630_318410.html[The National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China. (2022, June 30). Sports law undergoes comprehensive revision—Providing legal safeguards for the development of sports undertakings in the new era. http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/c30834/202206/t20220630_318410.html]

全國人民代表大會常務委員會（2022 年 6 月 24 日）。中華人民共和國體育法。國家法律法規數據庫。https://flk.npc.gov.cn/detail2.html?ZmY4MDgxODE4MThlOTBlNzAxODE5NDg1YTk2YzAxOTI%3D[National People’s Congress Standing Committee. (2022, June 24). Law of the People’s Republic of China on Physical Culture and Sports. National Law and Regulations Database. https://flk.npc.gov.cn/detail2.html?ZmY4MDgxODE4MThlOTBlNzAxODE5NDg1YTk2YzAxOTI%3D

吳庚,盛子龍 T.-L., T.-L.(2020).行政法之理論與實用.三民書局=San Min Book.