- 期刊
孫子兵法之五事七計應用於資訊系統導入評估之研究－以ERP系統導入為例
An Evaluation of Applying the "Five Fundamentals" and "Seven Stratagems" of the Art of War to Implementation of Information Systems: An Empirical Study on the ERP Implementation
摘要
企業在面對市場需求的快速變化、產品生命週期大幅縮短，以及全球化競爭等多重壓力下，為了提升競爭力，莫不致力於企業資源規劃系統（Enterprise Resource Planning，以下簡稱ERP）的導入，雖然目前國內企業對於ERP能提昇企業面對日益複雜的競爭環境的能力均有所體認，但對於如何能成功導入ERP的途徑卻仍無法完全掌控。 ＜計篇＞是中國兵聖，孫武所著《孫子兵法》的首篇，知＜計篇＞內的「五事」、「七計」，便可在事前察知戰爭的勝敗之數。同樣的，企業資訊系統的導入也需要事前就整個公司的內、外在環境狀況，作全面性的分析和衡量比較，以利補強不足，避免不利因素，以提升導入之成功性。 孫子兵法之五事七計的最主要精神是在發動戰爭前先衡量戰力的五項基本要素並估計比較戰爭全局七種情況的優劣條件，即能瞭解戰爭勝負的情形。本研究期望運用孫子兵法之五事七計對於戰爭評估勝算準則的完整結構，發展較具全面性且有助於衡量企業導入ERP系統之相關導入衡量評估量表。本研究參考國內外ERP導入關鍵成功因素之近6年文獻，將文獻中的ERP導入關鍵因素項目與孫子兵法之五事七計項目比較分析，以探討孫子兵法之五事七計作為ERP系統導入衡量評估架構之適用性與涵蓋性，並依此發展出ERP系統導入之衡量評估量表。接著，深入訪談５家有ERP導入成功經驗之知名企業的資深ERP專案負責人，以確認量表之可行性，以及蒐集量表項目之比較參考值。本研究結果顯示，以孫子兵法之五事七計為基礎，再經由專家與學者將訪談的相關資料整理、分析與修改所發展之ERP系統導入衡量評估量表，能對企業導入ERP系統時，提供更具全面性的衡量，亦較有利於企業清楚掌握ERP系統導入之優劣情形，提昇ERP系統導入之成功性。
並列摘要
When facing multiple stresses that include rapid change of market demands, extensive reduction of product life cycles, and intensive global competition, enterprises strive to implement ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) to improve their competitiveness. Although domestic enterprises realize that ERP can improve their capability in coping with the competitive environment under progressive complications, none can completely grasp the successful path for the implementation of ERP. ”Laying Plans” is the first chapter of the military treatise, the Art of War, written by Sun Tzu, the master of war in Chinese history. Knowing the five fundamentals and seven stratagems in the chapter could help in detecting the rate of success in advance. Similarly, the information system introduced by the enterprise also requires a thorough analysis and comparison of internal and external conditions of the entire company in advance. In this way it can compensate for any insufficiencies, prevent damage from adverse factors, and enhance the probability of a successful implementation. The principal essence of the five fundamentals and seven stratagems in the Art of War involves evaluation of the five fundamental elements of military capabilities prior to initiating a war. In conjunction with the assessment and comparison of the advantages and disadvantages in the seven situations throughout the war, one can easily comprehend the status (success or failure) of a war. In this study, the aim was to apply the five fundamentals and seven stratagems in the Art of War to assess the probability of winning a war in ERP implementation. A measurement scale is developed that is more thorough and helpful in measuring the relevant key factors involved in introducing ERP system for enterprises. First, relevant studies over the last 6 years were referred to find the key success factors in domestic and international ERP implementations. These key factors were then compared and analyzed with the five fundamentals and seven stratagems in the Art of War so that the applicability and coverage of the ancient book could be discussed. Accordingly a measurement scale for the key factors in the implementation of an ERP system could be developed. Next, senior ERP project managers from five well-known enterprises with successful experience of ERP implementation were interviewed in depth to confirm the feasibility of the scale and to collect comparative reference values for items on the scale. The results indicated that after compilation, analysis, and revision, the derived measurement scale can provide more thorough measurements for enterprises which introduce the ERP system. The scale is also more helpful for enterprises to clearly grasp the advantages and disadvantages in regard to the ERP implementation. It can thus enhance the rate of success in the implementation of ERP.