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晉滅虞虢與晉國之發展
The Jin (晉) extinguishes Yu (虞) Guo (虢) and Development the Jin (晉) Country
摘要
晉國是春秋時期中原地區保有霸權最長久的國家。與當時的齊楚相比，晉國的霸權並沒有因為晉文公的身亡而逝去，其影響力甚至到三家分晉的時候還留有餘波。雖然晉國霸業是在晉文公時確立的，不過晉國國勢的擴張在晉獻公時期，便已開始。然而，晉國並非本是大國，在長年的內亂之中，因戰爭所帶來的人口的耗失，使得成了晉獻公即位之後所要面對的問題。而要在短時間內解決這個問題，最直接的方法便是吞併他國，藉由他國的人口來補充自己的人口。晉滅虞虢也可以從這個角度來看。因為晉滅虞虢，不僅僅只是人口的補充，尚有消群公子之患，為替先人報仇，取得進出中原的捷徑等好處，因而成了不得不消滅的對象。在晉獻公執政之時，齊、楚三國的稱霸氣象早已展現出來。相對於這兩國的強大，晉獻公所承繼的只是個國力微弱，內政不安的一個小國家。在繼位之時，一方面要面對國內尚未穩定的政局，一方面又要向外擴張領土，其所面對的艱難可以想像。當然，也就是因為此時晉獻公並沒有足夠的軍力直接吞拼國力較強的國家，為了在短時間之內補充國力，自然不得不使用狡詐之策，以最小的犧牲換取最大的利益，避免因為長期的爭戰消耗人口，削弱好不容易補充的國力。因此高氏雖然欲藉由晉滅虞虢之事，來展現晉獻公之狡。不過，筆者不認為這就表示晉獻公天資陰險。這樣的一個過程其實是一個高明的戰略眼光的展現。
並列摘要
The Jin (晉) country is the Spring and Autumn Period time area south of Yellow River area holds the hegemony most long-time country. Compared with Ci(齊) and Chu (楚) then, Jin country's hegemony not because Jin Wen Gong (晉文公) died elapses, its influence even to three minute Jin's times (三家分晉) also left leeway the complementary waves. Although the Jin (晉) country hegemony is in Jin Wen Gongshi (晉文公) establishes, but the Jin country national strength expansion offers the male time in the Jin, then started. The Jin (晉) extinguishes Yu (虞) Guo (虢) also to be possible from this angle. Because the Jin (晉) extinguishes Yu (虞) Guo (虢), not only only was the population supplement, Shang Youxiao trouble of the group son, for revenges for the ancestors, obtains turnover the area south of Yellow River advantage and so on shortcut, thus has become the object which can not but eliminate. Offers when male being in power in the Jin (晉), Ci (齊) and Chu (楚) two countries' dominate the meteorology already to unfold. The Jin (晉) offers the geographical unit of government to inherit only is a national strength is weak, an internal affairs restless small country. Certainly, because also is this time Jin (晉) offers the male fully military force directly not to swallow puts together the national strength strong country, receives in exchange for the biggest benefit by the smallest sacrifice, avoids because long-term fights the consumption population, weakens national strength which supplemented with great difficulty. The author did not think this expressed the Jin offers the male natural talent to be sinister. A such process is actually a wise strategic judgment development.