老子自然之欲向──「知」、「學」新探

The Naturally Instinctive Directionality--New Lights on "Knowing" and "Learning" in Lao Tzu

曾湧淨(ZENG, YONG-JING)

《輔大中研所學刊》 44期 (2022/11) Pp. 113-132

摘要

歷來，學界普遍認為老子對「知識」持較負面的態度，蓋出於「無欲」思想的影響。人們之所以追求對客觀世界的認知，包括對科學、歷史在內等一切有助於發展文明社會的知識，往往是出自於滿足貪欲之動機，是以我們認為老子反對對知識的追求。然而，老子的「欲」除了作貪欲解之外，其實亦有指涉到本能層面者，本文以「欲向」稱之。本文指出，人對知識的追求，並不全然歸因於自身的貪欲，亦可能是「欲向」上的行為，且在老子的思想系統下，純粹而別無所求的「求知欲」是受其認可並重視的，「為學」與「為道」不僅互不衝突，更是必須並行的工夫。

關鍵字

老子 ； 欲向 ； 知 ； 學

並列摘要

Until now, the academic situation indicates that Lao Tzu hold negative attitude towards "knowledge". It's probably because of the thought of the "desirelessness". People aspire after knowledge of science and technology owing to cupidity. Therefore, we think Lao Tzu negate the pursuit of knowledge. However, the meaning of "Yu" in Lao Tzu can not only refer to cupidity but refer to an innate trait. This thesis calls it "Yu Xiang". People aspire after knowledge not only because of cupidity but also because of "Yu Xiang", and it's recognized and is valued by Lao Tzu. In the pursuit of "Learning" and "Dao" are compatible, and both of them are important cultivation that we have to equally emphasize on.

並列關鍵字

Lao Tzu ； "Yu Xiang" ； Knowing ； Learning