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《周易》〈謙〉卦之「德性」詮釋
The Interpretation of Virtue in Modest Hexagram in Book of Changes (I Ching)
摘要
《周易》是一種「本體詮釋」的哲學，詮釋本身不能僅僅被視為純粹的認知活動，主要作為本體意識活動之實踐，〈謙〉卦是一種實踐基礎、以「德性」為核心，詮釋學也因此成為謙德的實踐哲學。《周易》之五義的涵義，為《周易》之本體哲學思想，〈謙〉卦是一種內省功夫，「德性」的思想以憂患九卦之涵義來闡釋道德。本文主要目的，以《周易》哲學思想，運用詮釋學探討〈謙〉卦之「德性」本體詮釋；從《周易》形成經過之原始宗教信仰，以憂患意識的自省能力，產生謙德之發展，〈謙〉德最是「修德之甚」的憂患九卦，是具體道德內涵之一，並以內在修行與外在行為，發展謙德的實踐過程，為《周易》之和諧的最高境界與價值。
並列摘要
"Book of Changes" (I Ching) is a philosophy of ontological interpretation. Interpretation itself cannot be regarded as a purely cognitive activity; instead, it is mainly the practice of ontological awareness. The modest hexagram is a practical foundation, which is based on concept of virtue. Hermeneutics has thus become a practical philosophy of modesty. The essence of the five meanings in "Book of Changes" (I Ching) is centered on the ontological philosophy. The modest hexagram is a type of introspection. The thought of virtue interprets morality with the meaning of the nine hexagrams concerning misery and hardships. The main purpose of this paper is to draw upon the philosophical thought of "Book of Changes" (I Ching) and adopt hermeneutics to explore the ontological interpretation of the virtue in the modest hexagram. The development of modesty is produced from the "Book of Changes"(I Ching) to form the primitive religious belief, with the self-examination ability under the consciousness of distresses. Modesty, manifested in the extremity of virtuous cultivation in the nine hexagrams concerning misery and hardships, is one of the specific moral connotations. The highest state and value of harmony in "Book of Changes"(I Ching) is the practical process of developing modesty through inner practice and outer behavior.