試論戰後台灣小說中的「髒話」書寫

魯迅〈論「他媽的！」〉一文，指出髒話使用者劃開「上等人」和「下等人」之間的隔層，從而將國罵勾連民族課題。這雖諷刺一般百姓的粗鄙，也為下等人反抗愚盲門閥的一種途徑；要之，「他媽的」媒合多重意蘊，成為魯迅改造社會的另類吶喊。以此論點為發想，反觀台灣文學，伊始於日治時代，即可見小說中夾雜髒話，如賴和〈鬥鬧熱〉、楊守愚〈美人照鏡〉等，大抵透過穢語暗渡「抵中心」(de-centring)的批判話語。時至戰後，台灣小說朝向多元化、在地化、本土化發展，作者以庶民敷陳草根想像，同樣在對話中夾雜髒話，如王文興《背海的人》以爺的連篇髒話為開端，黃春、王禎和、駱以軍、吳明益......等，諸人諸作亦可見之。然則，小說中的髒話不全然只是日治小說裡抵抗的意涵，而更趨某種文字遊戲或隱喻意義。準此，當代小說中的「髒話」策略與意義應有其問題性和特殊性。本文取徑文化語言學，從髒話涉及的清滌作用(catharsis)、侵略性(aggression)和社交關連(social connection)為入探文本的起點，進而觀看當代台灣小說如何、怎樣操演髒話，俾以展示髒話在文學中，不單只是增進對話風味的調味料，而是一種美學的演繹。

關鍵字

髒話；清滌；權力；庶民文化；台灣小說

並列摘要

Lu Xun's essay ＂Discuss 'Damn it!'＂ shows the noble and nobody are divided by using the dirty language or not, and it connect with nationalism. Although this view satire those folk people are vulgar, it's a way to fight the powerful noble. ＂Damn it!＂ is mixed a lot of meaning, so it is became another voice of reforming society by Lu Xun. Take it for the starting point, and think about Taiwanese literature. In the Japanese colonial period, there is the dirty language in the Taiwanese fiction, for example, Laiho's ＂Tàu-Nāu-Liát＂, Yang Shou-Yu's ＂The Beauty Looking at Herself in the Mirror＂, and so on. These fictions are used the dirty language to be de-centring discourse. In the postwar period, Taiwanese fiction develops diversification, localization and indigenization. The authors write nobody who sometimes communicates with the dirty language to imagine folk culture. For example, the opening in Wang Wen-Hsing's Backed Against the Sea is the dirty language which is yelled by Ye; also in the fictions that are written by Huang Chun Ming, Wang Cheng Ho, Lo Yi Chun, Wu Ming Yi, and so on. However, the dirty language in the fictions are not totally de-centring meaning, it closes wordplay and metaphor. Therefore, the strategies and meanings of the dirty language in the modern fictions must be the special issue. This article takes the theory of cultural-linguistics that including catharsis, aggression and social connection to see how and what be used in the Taiwanese fiction. It shows the dirty language in the literature is not only the source in adding conversation but also the esthetics.