大盂鼎銘文「敬雍德經敏」新斷讀

大盂鼎為西周早期重要銅器，因此過去討論者甚多。該銘文中「命汝盂召榮，敬雍德巠，敏朝夕入諫，亯奔走。」舊有斷句均認為「敬雍德巠」為一句，起源甚早，鮮見有異說者。其中或以為「德巠」為「經德」之倒，這並無它例可證，「敬雍」亦然。舊釋或維持原狀為「敬雍德經」，將「巠」視為「綱紀」，同樣也沒有詞例根據。因此本文認為，大盂鼎銘「命汝盂召榮，敬雍德巠，敏朝夕入諫，亯奔走。」有重新斷讀的空間。本文將從金文詞例與近出青銅器銘文說明改讀的依據，並重新釋讀「今余唯命汝盂召榮，敬雍德經敏，朝夕入諫，亯奔走，畏天威。」大意為今日我命令你盂輔佐榮，恭敬於順從明德，經營謀略，並勤於提出諫言，虔敬不懈在公務上，敬畏天威。

關鍵字

大盂鼎；詞例；西周；青銅器銘文

並列摘要

DaYuDing was an important bronze in the early Western Zhou Dynasty which was discussed very much in the past. There is a sentence on this inscription: ＂Order you to assist Rong, Jing Yong De Jjing, and make a diligent statement from morning to night, respectfully engaged in business.＂ In the past, it was almost considered ＂Jing Yong De Jjing＂ to be a meaningful sentence in the paragraph. This argument was presented in early research, and then different opinions were rare in the field. This article points out that this citation in the inscription of DaYuDing is feasible for re-sentence translation for three reasons. First of all, based on the language habits of the bronze inscriptions and the recently appeared bronze inscriptions, this article explains the basis for re-sentence translation and changes it to ＂Jing Yong De Jjing min＂. For example, The whole sentence means: Now I command you to assist Rong, respectfully obey the rules of morality, execute strategies, and make propositions from morning to night, respectfully engage in official business, and respect the majesty of God. Secondly, the current mainstream discourse regards ＂De Jjing＂ upside down as ＂Jjing De＂. This statement lacks corpus evidence of the same period, as does ＂Jing Yong＂. Lastly, some old saying believed that ＂Jing Yong De Jjing＂ should be kept as it is, and ＂Jjing＂ should be understood as ＂the moral norm＂. This statement also lacks evidence of contemporary language habits. In conclusion, the re-sentence translation of the inscription is practicable.