復古以治新：新莽時期明堂、銅鏡等宇宙／帝國圖式所展現的「古」與「新」

本文透過新莽時期的明堂、銅鏡等，說明王莽的「新」帝國以「復古」的形式展現其「更新」。明堂的功能自古即被認為是「朝諸侯」，即透過其空間，呈現其帝國圖式，展現其皇權。王莽除了透過明堂展現其皇權，其所建的明堂，從現今的角度來看是據陰陽五行色彩的「月令」來構建實際結構，而就當時王莽的角度來看，他是建立了一個他所認為「復古」的明堂，以有別於具方士色彩的、不正統的「舊」汶上明堂。除明堂之外，相較於兩漢，新莽時期出現了許多的博局鏡，這類銅鏡紋飾象徵了宇宙圖式，其銘文則將明堂、帝國與「復古」連繫在一起。這類博局鏡銘文不停論述王莽政權如何越過秦漢，重新建立如周代政治秩序的帝國秩序，以「復古」來建立其「新」帝國。

關鍵字

明堂；王莽；新朝；復古

並列摘要

This article discusses that Wang-mang intended to build his Hsin/New Empire through the form of antiquity, by the evidence of Ming-tang and bronze mirror. Ming-tang represents the royal power since ancient times, the Ming-tang Wang-Mang has built, was based on the structure of Yueling, which he thought was inherited from Chou, gave him the legitimacy of ruling. Except for Ming-tang, Wang-Mang also used the bronze mirror as tools of propaganda. Different from the Han dynasty, there was a higher proportion used of TLV mirrors during the Hsin dynasty. The TLV mirror represents the schema of the empire and the cosmos, and the inscriptions on the mirror propagated the Hsin/New Empire established new orders, by reproducing the political orders of Chou.