從里耶簡更名方的文字規範看秦文字的使用現象

秦始皇書同文字政策見諸於傳世的《史記》、《說文》中，自從里耶秦簡的更名木方出土後，大大地豐富了我們的認知，其內容包括秦統一後正字形、正用字、正用語的規範。本文在前人的研究基礎上，針對更名方中的定名成因作推測，並進一步申說。再者檢視秦統一前後的用字用語現象，看其是否符合更名方中的規定。材料上利用截至目前為止公布的秦簡牘，主要包括睡虎地簡，里耶簡第八、九層簡牘，嶽麓簡的〈為官治獄及黔首〉、〈數〉、〈為獄等狀四種〉及秦律令雜抄等，旁及張家山漢簡的〈二年律令〉與〈奏讞書〉，從整體用字上來看更名方中的規定是否被貫徹執行。

關鍵字

更名方；書同文字政策；里耶秦簡；嶽麓秦簡

並列摘要

The policy of Qin unifying the writing have been found in the handed down "Shiji" and "Shuowen". Since the "Geng Ming Fang" of the Qin Slips in Liye unearthed, our knowledge about the use of words and the norm of the correct language has been greatly enriched. On the basis of previous research, this paper speculates on the cause of the name change in the name-changing prescriptio. Furthermore, this paper examined the phenomenon of words and phrases used before and after Qin's unification to see if it conformed to the regulations in the name-changing prescription. The paperused Qin bamboo slips released so far as materials, which mainly including ShuiHuDi slips, Liye slips and Yuelu slips.From the overall use of words, it can be seen whether the regulations in the Geng Ming Fang prescription have been strictly implemented.