城鄉國中生睡眠規律性及相關因素研究

目的：睡眠型態不當將對學生的健康及學習表現產生不良影響，本研究探討與比較城鄉國中生睡眠規律性現況及其相關因素的異同。方法：採兩步驟隨機抽樣方式選取臺北市和花蓮縣各3所中、大型學校，再自每校各年級抽取60班2,160名學生為樣本，採結構式問卷為工具進行調查，得有效問卷1,796份。結果：一、全體對象週間睡眠時間點和時數變異大，約3小時；週間週末量變異高於2小時，顯示睡眠規律性不佳，且臺北市學生更嚴重。二、城鄉國中女生的睡眠規律性皆較男生差；使用電腦、電視習慣、晚上與同學聯繫與城鄉國中生的睡眠規律性有關。三、家庭關係、家人睡眠行為、家中睡眠環境、家人夜間工作頻率及人際關係與臺北市學生睡眠規律性有關。四、自覺健康、父母監督行為、父母對子女功課的重視度、學業壓力及人際關係與花蓮縣學生睡眠規律性有關。建議：教育單位與衛生單位能注意國中生睡眠規律性，尤其城市學生睡眠的改善更是當務之急；教師宜適時教導學生因應人際壓力的有效策略。進行親職教育，促家長成為好榜樣，並能監督和指導子女養成正確的電腦使用、看電視、與同學聯繫的習慣。

關鍵字

城鄉；國中生；睡眠規律性

並列摘要

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to explore and compare the sleep regularity of and its associated factors among urban and rural junior high school students.Methods: By two-stage stratified random sampling, 2,160 subjects were selected from 60 classes of six schools in Taipei City and Hualien County. The valid data were provided by 1,796 participants using self-administered questionnaires.Results:1. The sleep regularity of the participants was not good with a 3-hour difference between the group in the wake-up and sleeping time during weekdays and a 2-hour difference in sleeping time between weekday and weekend. The sleep regularity of the city was worse than that of the county.2. The sleep regularity of the female was worse than that of the male. Habits of using computer, watching TV, and contacting with friends at night were significantly associated with the sleep regularity of urban and rural students.3. Family relationship, sleeping behavior of family members, sleeping environment, night-working of parents, and interpersonal stress were associated with the sleep quality of Taipei students.4. Perceived health status, parental monitoring of sleep behavior, parental concerns of academic performance, and academic and interpersonal stress were associated with the sleep quality of Hualien students.Suggestions: We recommend that educational and health authorities need to concern about the sleep regularity of students, especially the urban students. Teachers should teach students coping strategies to deal with interpersonal stress. Holding parental education programs to have parents as good models, to supervise the adolescents habit related to computer using, TV watching, and friend contacting at night is also important.