- 期刊
柑橘健康種苗繁殖體系與台灣健康種苗計畫
Citrus Healthy Budwood Program and the Projects Executed in Taiwan
摘要
柑橘嫁接傳染病原(Citrus graft-transmissible pathogens)均易隨苗木（接穗）傳播，嚴重影響植株生育與產業發展。其中黃龍病、南非立枯病、鱗砧病、破葉病、木孔病及鱗皮病等重要病原，均已證實存在台灣，尤以黃龍病危害最嚴重。各主要產柑國家均實施柑橘健康種苗制度，以規範種苗之生產，防止病原之傳播。柑橘健康種苗制度的重點包括優良母樹的選拔與種原的保存、病原的消除與檢定、接穗來源的登記與苗木驗證等。台灣柑橘健康種苗繁殖計畫主要以頂梢嫁接(Shoot-tip grafting)消除病原，20年來已培育以盆栽為主之原種樹92品種品系、採穗樹32品種品系。健康種原以不銹鋼隔離網室保護，並遠離柑橘產區，有效的防止媒介昆蟲再感染黃龍病及南非立枯病。現有健康苗圃亦在設施內以容器育苗。擴大健康接穗之供應與提高苗木之生產量，並實施驗證制度，為未來健康種苗計畫的重要目標。
並列摘要
Citrus graft-transmissible pathogens (CGTPs) can be readily transmitted by infected budwood. Diseased plants were seriously influenced in their growth, yield and fruit quality. The CGTPs identified in Taiwan were Tristeza, Exocortis, Tatter-leaf, Xyloporosis, Psorosis and the most destructive one, Huanglungbin (Greening). Supply of healthy nursery trees is the basic step to limit their spreading. Citrus budwood registration and certification program consists of selection of parent tree, indexing and elimination of the CGTPs, conservation of the healthy stocks and certification of nursery trees. The citrus healthy budwood projects have been executed for 20 years in Taiwan. All of the 92 cultivars of foundation trees produced by means of shoot-tip grafting and the scion trees were conserved in stainless steel screen house that is 15 kilometer far away from citrus producing area. These effectively protected the healthy stocks from recontamination of vector-born pathogens. Production of healthy nursery trees is also practiced under insect-proof structures with pot. Increasing the production of healthy nursery trees and certification of them will be the future target of the citrus healthy budwood program.