- 期刊
番椒炭疽病菌及抗病基因之研究進展
Progress of Studies on Anthracnose Pathogens and Anthracnose-Resistant Genes in Pepper
摘要
番椒炭疽病（Anthracnose）是由多種的炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum spp.）所引起，主要危害番椒（Capsicum spp.）的果實，嚴重時會降低果實品質與市場價值，在臺灣主要普遍流行的病原菌為Colletotrichum actatum。C. actatum病菌會在番椒角質層中，形成特化的多分枝厚壁之構造入侵果實表皮細胞，該構造之形成受光照時間影響，而laccase的活性可能與該病原菌的致病毒力高低相關。目前番椒炭疽病之抗病基因研究及抗病育種使用之種原，主要以C. chinense的PBC932 品系及C. baccatum的PBC80與PBC81品系為主，前人研究發現番椒的綠果與紅果之抗病性係由不同的抗病基因座所調控。PBC932品系之綠果存在單一隱性或兩個互補顯性抗病基因，在紅果則另有1～2個隱性基因控制抗病表現。此外，抗病種原PBC80品系主要以一個隱性基因負責綠果期抗病性，紅果期則為一個顯性抗病基因所調控。透過種間雜交，以傳統或分子育種已成功將PBC932或PBC80品系之抗病基因導入至園藝性狀較佳之C. annuum品種。
並列摘要
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) could cause severe damage of yield and market value of pepper fruits. The dominant pathogen in Taiwan is Colletotrichum actatum identified by PCR technology. The pathogen forms a highly branched penetration structure in the cuticle layer of pepper to invade the epidermal cells, and its formation is affected by the length of time under light treatment. The activities of Laccase might be the virulence factor of C. actatum. At present, the anthracnose-resistant lines Capsicum chinense 'PBC932', C. baccatum 'PBC80' and 'PBC81' are commonly used for studying anthracnose resistance and breeding materials. Resistances to anthracnose in pepper green and red ripe fruits are controlled by different genes respectively. The progress of genetic study on anthracnose- resistant genes has revealed that PBC932 line possesses a single recessive or 2 complementary dominant genes in green fruit stage, and another 1 or 2 recessive genes in red fruit stage. Resistance in PBC80 line was reported to be controlled by a recessive gene in green fruits, but a dominant gene in red fruits. In addition, there are cases that successfully introduced the resistance genes from line PBC932 or PBC80 into var. C. annuum through interspecific hybridization with traditional breeding or maker-assistant selection.