- 期刊
運動員賽前之睡眠狀況、睡眠變異性與自覺疲勞感受之關係
Relationship among Sleep Patterns, Sleep Variations, and Perceived Fatigue Prior to Competition in Athletes
摘要
疲勞常見於運動員生活並影響其競技表現，良好睡眠有助於降低運動員的疲勞感。個體睡眠狀況將受其睡眠作息所影響，且疲勞感受可能也因睡眠作息而有所不同，因此，本研究目的在探討運動員賽前睡眠狀況、睡眠作息變異性，及其與自覺疲勞感之關係。49名大專公開組運動員（平均年齡為20.3 ± 1.4歲，運動專長訓練平均達6.9 ± 4.27年，賽前訓練時數為平均每天3.83 ± 2.17小時），於2014年大專運動會前一週先填寫日夜作息量表及七日睡眠日誌，七日後再填寫自覺疲勞感評估量表。研究結果顯示：本研究發現運動員賽前有25人（51%）具睡眠困擾，且這些睡眠困擾的產生與運動員賽前改變其睡眠作息無關；但睡眠作息改變與上床時間變異程度較高者，即使睡眠時數與非改變者無差異，其自覺疲勞感仍高於非改變者。本研究結論：睡眠作息改變與上床時間的不規律對運動員自覺疲勞感之影響可能非透過睡眠時數的變化，而是因睡眠結構改變、約日節律無法保持恆定時、或賽前的焦慮，導致增強主觀疲勞感受。顯示賽前維持睡眠作息規律，關注運動員心緒狀態，避免因賽前焦慮與疲勞感而產生睡眠困擾，可能有助於運動員比賽時有更出色的表現。
並列摘要
Fatigue has frequently been seen in athletes, and has inevitable impact on athletic performance. Maintaining a good sleep pattern could reduce the fatigue, because earlier research suggested that sleep/wake schedules can influence the sleep patterns, which in turn influences perceived fatigue in athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among sleep patterns, sleep variations and perceived fatigue prior to competition in athletes. Forty-nine athletes (aged = 20.29 ± 1.4 years, training years = 6.9 ± 4.27, training hours = 3.83 ± 2.17 hrs/day), who participated in open groups of Intercollegiate Athletic Games in 2014, were recruited for this study. All participants completed an Owl and Lark Questionnaire (OLQ) and 7-day sleep logs one week before the competition. Afterwards the perceived fatigue questionnaire was filled-in at the end of the week. Results indicated that 51% of participants experienced sleep disturbance, but did not showed the significant association with variation of sleep/wake schedules. However, those who had higher variations in sleep/wake schedules and time in bed perceived higher fatigue even though the total sleep time was not significantly different from two comparison groups whose sleep/wake schedules has changed or unchanged. This study concludes that the associations among variations in sleep/wake schedules, time in bed, and perceived fatigue may not be because of the change in total sleep time, but it can be attributed to the change of sleep structure, failed to maintaining circadian rhythms, or the anxiety before competition. In order to have a better performance in competition, it is suggested that sport practitioners should monitor athletes’ sleep/wake schedules, emotions, sleep disturbance, and anxiety which can certainly cause fatigue before competition.